Table 2.
Relationship between social network characteristics and controlled blood pressure.
| Characteristics of social network | Uncontrolled hypertension (yes/no)a | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Model 1b | Model 2c | Model 3d | Model 4e | |
| Total network size | 1.45∗∗∗ (1.20-1.77) | 1.47∗∗∗ (1.21-1.80) | 1.47∗∗∗ (1.20-1.81) | 1.52∗∗∗ (1.22-1.89) |
| Providing informational support related to advice | ||||
| Network size | 0.77∗∗∗ (0.65-0.90) | 0.76∗∗∗ (0.64-0.90) | 0.77∗∗∗ (0.65-0.91) | 0.76∗∗∗ (0.64-0.91) |
| Percentage of network members who are daily contact | 1.00 (0.98-1.02) | 1.00 (0.98-1.01) | 1.00 (0.98-1.01) | 1.00 (0.98-1.01) |
| Percentage of network members who are family members | 1.01 (0.99-1.02) | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) |
| Percentage of network members who are friends | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) | 1.00 (0.98-1.02) | 1.00 (0.98-1.02) |
| Percentage of network members who are living in the same household | 1.02∗ (1.00-1.04) | 1.02 (1.00-1.04) | 1.02 (0.99-1.04) | 1.01 (0.99-1.04) |
| Percentage of network members who are having hypertension | 1.00 (0.98-1.02) | 1.00 (0.98-1.03) | 1.01 (0.98-1.03) | 1.01 (0.99-1.04) |
| Providing emotional support related to discomfort | ||||
| Network size | 0.92 (0.79-1.06) | 0.91 (0.78-1.06) | 0.92 (0.78-1.07) | 0.89 (0.76-1.05) |
| Percentage of network members who are daily contact | 0.99∗ (0.97-1.00) | 0.99 (0.97-1.01) | 0.99 (0.97-1.01) | 0.99 (0.97-1.01) |
| Percentage of network members who are family members | 1.01 (0.99-1.03) | 1.01 (0.99-1.03) | 1.00 (0.98-1.02) | 1.00 (0.98-1.02) |
| Percentage of network members who are friends | 1.00 (0.98-1.01) | 0.99 (0.98-1.01) | 0.99 (0.98-1.01) | 0.99 (0.97-1.01) |
| Percentage of network members who are living in the same household | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) | 1.01 (0.99-1.02) | 1.01 (0.99-1.02) | 1.01 (0.99-1.03) |
| Percentage of network members who are having hypertension | 1.00 (0.98-1.01) | 1.00 (0.98-1.01) | 0.99 (0.98-1.01) | 0.99 (0.98-1.01) |
| Providing emotional support related to decisions | ||||
| Network size | 0.86∗∗ (0.74-0.99) | 0.84∗∗ (0.73-0.98) | 0.85∗∗ (0.73-0.99) | 0.86∗∗ (0.74-1.00) |
| Percentage of network members who are daily contact | 0.99 (0.98-1.01) | 0.99 (0.97-1.01) | 0.99 (0.97-1.01) | 0.99 (0.97-1.01) |
| Percentage of network members who are family members | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) |
| Percentage of network members who are friends | 0.97 (0.93-1.02) | 0.98 (0.93-1.02) | 0.97 (0.93-1.02) | 0.97 (0.93-1.02) |
| Percentage of network members who are living in the same household | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) |
| Percentage of network members who are having hypertension | 1.02∗ (1.00-1.03) | 1.01∗ (1.00-1.03) | 1.02∗ (1.00-1.03) | 1.02∗ (1.00-1.03) |
| Providing practical support related to sickness | ||||
| Network size | 0.81∗ (0.66-1.00) | 0.80∗∗ (0.64-1.00) | 0.78∗∗ (0.62-0.98) | 0.75∗∗ (0.59-0.96) |
| Percentage of network members who are daily contact | 1.02∗ (1.00-1.04) | 1.02∗ (1.00-1.04) | 1.02∗∗ (1.00-1.05) | 1.02∗∗ (1.00-1.05) |
| Percentage of network members who are family members | 0.98 (0.96-1.00) | 0.98 (0.96-1.00) | 0.98 (0.96-1.01) | 0.98 (0.96-1.01) |
| Percentage of network members who are friends | 0.98 (0.95-1.02) | 0.98 (0.95-1.02) | 0.98 (0.95-1.02) | 0.99 (0.95-1.03) |
| Percentage of network members who are living in the same household | 1.01 (0.99-1.02) | 1.01 (0.99-1.02) | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) | 1.00 (0.98-1.02) |
| Percentage of network members who are having hypertension | 1.00 (0.98-1.02) | 1.00 (0.98-1.02) | 1.00 (0.98-1.02) | 1.00 (0.98-1.03) |
| Providing practical support related to jobs | ||||
| Network size | 0.94 (0.74-1.19) | 0.95 (0.74-1.21) | 0.94 (0.74-1.20) | 0.92 (0.71-1.19) |
| Percentage of network members who are daily contact | 1.00 (0.97-1.03) | 1.00 (0.97-1.03) | 1.00 (0.97-1.03) | 1.00 (0.97-1.03) |
| Percentage of network members who are family members | 1.02 (0.99-1.04) | 1.01 (0.99-1.04) | 1.01 (0.99-1.04) | 1.01 (0.99-1.04) |
| Percentage of network members who are friends | 1.01 (0.93-1.10) | 1.01 (0.93-1.11) | 1.01 (0.93-1.10) | 1.01 (0.92-1.11) |
| Percentage of network members who are living in the same household | 0.99 (0.97-1.01) | 0.99 (0.97-1.01) | 1.00 (0.98-1.02) | 1.00 (0.98-1.02) |
| Percentage of network members who are having hypertension | 0.98∗∗ (0.96-1.00) | 0.98∗∗ (0.96-1.00) | 0.98∗∗ (0.96-1.00) | 0.98∗∗ (0.96-1.00) |
| Living with spouse/partners (yes vs no) | 1.03 (0.41-2.60) | 1.03 (0.41-2.62) | 1.25 (0.47-3.32) | 1.42 (0.52-3.88) |
| Participation in social activities (yes vs no) | 0.77 (0.38-1.58) | 0.79 (0.38-1.63) | 0.79 (0.37-1.68) | 0.78 (0.35-1.75) |
∗ p < 0.1; ∗∗p < 0.05; ∗∗∗p < 0.01; areference group was controlled hypertension; bmodel 1 was adjusted for age and sex; cmodel 2 was adjusted for age, sex, and quality of life; dmodel 3 was adjusted for age, sex, quality of life, body mass index, and number of comorbidities; emodel 4 was adjusted for age, sex, quality of life, body mass index, number of comorbidities, smoking, and alcohol use.