Table 2.
Univariable and multivariable Cox analysis of prognostic factors for overall survival in 503 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
| Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age, year | 1.01 (0.99-1.03) | 0.11 | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Ref | |||
| Female | 0.74 (0.54-1.02) | 0.07 | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.97 (0.93-1.01) | 0.12 | ||
| Tobacco use | ||||
| No | Ref | |||
| Yes | 1.11 (0.86-1.42) | 0.42 | ||
| Alcohol use | ||||
| No | Ref | |||
| Yes | 1.14 (0.87-1.49) | 0.35 | ||
| Comorbidities history of hypertension | ||||
| No | Ref | |||
| Yes | 1.10 (0.85-1.41) | 0.48 | ||
| History of diabetes | ||||
| No | Ref | |||
| Yes | 1.18 (0.90-1.56) | 0.23 | ||
| History of COPD | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1.50 (1.08-2.10) | 0.02 | 1.79 (1.27-2.53) | <0.001 |
| History of hepatitis | ||||
| No | Ref | |||
| Yes | 1.03 (0.74-1.44) | 0.84 | ||
| History of cardiovascular disease | ||||
| No | Ref | |||
| Yes | 0.92 (0.66-1.29) | 0.62 | ||
| Preoperative albumin, g/L | 0.96 (0.93-0.99) | 0.03 | ||
| Preoperative platelet, ∗109 | 1 (0.998-1.002) | 0.63 | ||
| Preoperative WBC, ∗109 | 1.06 (1.004-1.129) | 0.04 | ||
| Preoperative NLR | 1.06 (1.006-1.117) | 0.03 | ||
| Length of tumor, cm | 1.18 (1.11-1.25) | <0.001 | ||
| Location of tumor | ||||
| Upper | Ref | |||
| Middle | 0.86 (0.62-1.19) | 0.35 | ||
| Lower | 0.91 (0.62-1.33) | 0.62 | ||
| Differentiation of tumor | ||||
| Well | Ref | |||
| Moderate | 1.69 (1.09-2.62) | 0.02 | ||
| Poor | 2.19 (1.37-3.49) | <0.001 | ||
| Pathological T stage | ||||
| T1 | Ref | Ref | ||
| T2 | 2.51 (1.43-4.41) | 0.001 | 1.82 (1.02-3.22) | 0.004 |
| T3 | 4.76 (2.80-8.10) | <0.001 | 3.01 (1.74-5.20) | <0.001 |
| T4 | 6.33 (3.44-11.67) | <0.001 | 3.17 (1.66-6.07) | <0.001 |
| Pathological N factor | ||||
| N0 | Ref | Ref | ||
| N1 | 2.24 (1.67-3.00) | <0.001 | 1.80 (1.30-2.49) | <0.001 |
| N2 | 3.78 (2.34-6.10) | <0.001 | 2.26 (1.27-4.00) | 0.005 |
| N3 | 5.73 (4.10-8.01) | <0.001 | 3.63 (2.32-5.68) | <0.001 |
| Pathological stage | ||||
| I | Ref | |||
| II | 2.43 (1.41-4.18) | 0.001 | ||
| III | 6.82 (3.95-11.77) | <0.001 | ||
| IV | 6.61 (3.71-11.76) | <0.001 | ||
| Number of dissected LNs | 1.01 (0.99-1.02) | 0.37 | ||
| Number of positive LNs | 1.13 (1.10-1.17) | <0.001 | ||
| Rate of positive LNs | ||||
| Postoperative complications | 10.06 (6.34-15.97) | <0.001 | 2.01 (0.91-4.43) | 0.008 |
| Postoperative pulmonary complications | 1.20 (0.92-1.55) | 0.18 | ||
| Postoperative anastomotic leakage | 1.59 (0.97-2.60) | 0.07 | ||
| Postoperative cardiovascular disease | 1.10 (0.82-1.46) | 0.54 | ||
| Sepsis | 1.82 (1.18-2.82) | 0.007 | 2.04 (1.31-3.18) | 0.002 |
BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NLR: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio.