. 2020 Oct 27;48(4):1016–1039. doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-05066-5

Table 1.

PET cardiovascular tracers (4Is)

PET tracer	Cardiovascular indication	Clinical	Dose activity	Effective dose^ (uSv/MBq) (112)	Imaging p.i.	Imaging mode	Imaging duration	Reconstruction method	Reconstructed pixel size^#/matrix size	Remarks
[¹⁸F]-FDG (11, 15, 18, 34, 113–126)	Vasculitis, endocarditis/ CIED, vascular graft, sarcoidosis, AL amyloidosis, atherosclerosis	Clinical Not clinical*	2.5–5.0 MBq/Kg 3.0–7.0 MBq/Kg**	19	45–120 min	2D / 3D	2–4 min per bed* 5–10 min per bed (3D data collection) 20–30 min per bed (2D data collection)**	Iterative 2D/3D reconstruction algorithm, OSEM post-filtering Time-of-flight Point spread function correction	Between 1.0 to 5.3 × 1.0 to 5.3 × 1.0 to 3.4 mm³	* AL amyloidosis, atherosclerosis. Cardiac sarcoidosis. * Depending on vendor suggestion of camera system.
[¹⁸F]-NaF (41, 127–132)	Amyloidosis, atherosclerosis Valve disease	Clinical trial	125–370 MBq 1.5–3.7 MBq/Kg	24	60–180 min	3D	2–5 min per bed	OSEM post-filtering	Between 1.0 to 5.3 × 1.0 to 5.3 × 1.0 to 3.4 mm3 matrix size 128 × 128	For coronary imaging suggest performing scans with CT coronary angiogram
[¹⁸F]-fluorocholine (133)	Atherosclerosis	Clinical trial	4 MB/kg	28	30–60 min	3D, dynamic, static	1 bed position	Iterative reconstruction	Matrix size 128 × 128
[¹⁸F]-PEG-folate (134)	Atherosclerosis	Clinical trial	185 MBq	17	1–60 min	2D / 3D, dynamic, static	3 min per bed	Iterative reconstruction	Matrix size 128 × 128
[¹⁸F]-FLT (135, 136)	Sarcoidosis	Clinical	3.7–5 MBq/Kg	15	45–60 min	3D	10 min	OSEM post-filtering Time-of-flight Point spread function correction	Between 1.0 to 5.3 × 1.0 to 5.3 × 1.0 to 3.4 mm3
[¹⁸F]-florbetapir	Amyloidosis	Clinical trial	169–370 MBq	19	60–90 min	3D, Static, List mode	3 min per bed	Iterative reconstruction Post-filtering Time-of-flight Point spread function correction	Between 1.0 to 5.3 × 1.0 to 5.3 × 1.0 to 3.4 mm3
[¹⁸F]-florbetaben (83, 138, 139)	Amyloidosis	Clinical trial	222–375 MBq 4 MBq/Kg	19	60–145 min	3D, static, list mode	20–120 min 2 min per bed	OSEM post-filtering Time-of-flight	Between 1.0 to 5.3 × 1.0 to 5.3 × 1.0 to 3.4 mm3	Dynamic imaging and whole-body imaging
[¹⁸F]flutemetamol (38)	Amyloidosis	Clinical trial	360 MBq	35	0–30 min	3D, static, list mode	1 bed position	Iterative reconstruction	Matrix size 200 × 200	Static images of the last 20 min dynamic imaging
[¹⁸F]-flubrobenguane (140, 141)****	Regional innervation	Clinical trial	3 MBq/kg	26	5–60 min	2D or 3D Static	5–10 min	Iterative reconstruction or FBP	3–4 mm	****Also known as LMI-1195
[⁶⁸Ga]-SST (3, 142, 143)	Sarcoidosis, atherosclerosis	Clinical trial	150-250 MBq 2–4 MBq/Kg	21–25	60–90 min	2D, 3D, static	4 min per bed Cardiac region: 20 min (additional)	Iterative reconstruction	2.74 × 2.74 × 3.27 mm	Probably of lower value in cardiac sarcoidosis
[¹¹C]mHED (40)	Regional innervation	Clinical trial	200–400 MBq	5.6	Dynamic, with injection	2D, 3D, list mode	60 min	Iterative reconstruction	2.2 × 2.2 mm2
[¹¹C]PiB (21, 36, 37, 49)	Amyloidosis	Clinical trial	5 MBq/kg	4.7	Dynamic, with injection	3D list mode	30 min	Iterative reconstruction	2.34 × 2.34 × 3.27 mm	PIB SUV and RI correlate well with BP_ND which is assumed to be proportional to amyloid concentration

^#Values for reconstructed pixel size of [¹⁸F]-radiotracers are based on the literature for [¹⁸F]FDG

^{^}Without low dose CT

p.i. post-injection, CIED cardiac implantable electronic device, AL amyloidosis immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis, OSEM ordered subset expectation maximization, RI retention index, SST somatostatin, mHED metahydroxyephedrine, PiB Pittsburgh compound-B, SUV standardized value, BP_ND.binding potential