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. 2021 Apr 13;14:100326. doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100326

Table 2.

COVID-19 symptoms and treatment, its neurological complications, and confounding variables.

Total (N = 120) COVID-19 patients (n = 58) Non-COVID-19 participants (n = 62) p value Effect size
COVID-19 symptoms and treatments
BCRSS (0/1/2/3) 4/28/19/7 NA NA NA
Pneumonia (0/1) 10/48 60/2 1.04×10−18 χ2(1)=77.99
Respiratory rate>21 (yes/no) 11/47 1/61 1.54×10−3 χ2(1)=10.03
Fever (yes/no) 29/29 9/53 2.97×10−5 χ2(1)=17.44
GCS<15 (yes/no) 38/20 35/27 0.31 χ2(1) = 1.03
Oxygen therapy (yes/no) 40/18 11/51 1.41×10−8 χ2(1)=32.18
Antibiotic treatment (yes/no) 43/15 17/45 3.14×10−7 χ2(1)=26.16
Antiviral treatment (yes/no) 41/17 1/61 2.23×10−15 χ2(1)=62.85
qSOFA (0/1/2) 19/29/10 27/34/1 1.10 × 10−2 χ2(2) = 9.03
Neurological complications and confounding variables
Agitation (yes/no) 25/33 10/52 1.20×10−3 χ2(1)=10.55
Cerebrovascular event (yes/no) 39/19 36/26 0.30 χ2(1) = 1.08
Diabetes (yes/no) 15/43 7/55 3.93 × 10−2 χ2(1) = 4.25
Hypertension (yes/no) 30/28 41/21 0.11 χ2(1) = 2.57

Note, the p value and effect size are for COVID-19 vs. non-COVID-19 difference. Rows in bold are variables showing significant COVID-19 vs. non-COVID-19 difference (corrected for twelve tests)). Pneumonia value of 1 denotes COVID/interstitial pneumonia, and pneumonia value of 0 denotes other/no pneumonia. Abbreviations: GCS, Glasgow Coma Score; qSOFA, quick Sequential Organ Failure.