Table 1.
Patient demographics and peri-operative factors.
| Parameter of interest |
N (no-POD/POD) |
Total (n = 283) |
No-POD group (n = 237) |
POD group (n = 46) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age [years] | 237/46 | 72 (68/75) | 69 (68/75) | 73 (70/76) | 0.105 |
| Male sex | 237/46 | 128 (45.2%) | 101 (42.6%) | 27 (58.7%) | 0.045 |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 237/46 | 26.57 (23.99/28.87) | 26.57 (24.03/29) | 26.72 (23.27/28.45) | 0.646 |
| ISCED | 205/39 | 0.123 | |||
| II | 43 (17.6%) | 36 (17.6%) | 7 (17.9%) | ||
| III | 93 (38.1%) | 84 (41.0%) | 9 (23.1%) | ||
| IV | 9 (3.7%) | 8 (3.9%) | 1 (2.6%) | ||
| V | 99 (40.6%) | 77 (37.6%) | 22 (56.4%) | ||
| ASA score | 235/45 | 0.049 | |||
| I | 6 (2.1%) | 4 (1.7%) | 2 (4.4%) | ||
| II | 195 (69.9%) | 168 (71.5%) | 27 (60.0%) | ||
| III | 78 (27.9%) | 63 (26.8%) | 15 (33.3%) | ||
| IV | - | - | - | ||
| V | 1 (0.4%) | - | 1 (2.2%) | ||
|
Baseline MMSE |
29 (28/30) | 29 (28/30) | 29 (27/30) | 0.278 | |
| Benzodiazepine intake immediately before surgery | 230/44 | 39 (14.2%) | 31 (13.5%) | 8 (18.2%) | 0.413 |
| Intra-and post-operative factors | |||||
| Site of surgery (intracranial, intrathoracic/ abdominal/pelvic, peripheral) | 237/46 | 4/108/171 (1.4%/38.2%/60.4%) | 3/82/152 (1.3%/34.6%/64.1%) | 1/26/19 (2.2%/56.5%/41.3%) | 0.015 |
| Surgical time [min] | 236/46 |
97 (55/164) |
86 (45/140) |
198 (95/297) | < 0.001 |
| ICU duration [days] | 236/46 | 0 (0/0) | 0 (0/0) | 0.4 (0/0.4) | < 0.001 |
| Duration of hospital stay [days] | 236/46 | 6 (3/9) | 5 (3/8) | 11 (6/22) | < 0.001 |
| Type of anesthesia (general/regional/combined) | 236/46 |
219/14/49 (77.9%/4.9%/17.2%) |
188/13/35 (79.7%/5.5%/14.8%) |
31/1/14 (67.4%/2.2%/30.4%) |
0.030 |
| MRI markers | |||||
| Patients with lacunar infarcts | 49/6 | 54 (19%) | 48 (20.2%) | 6 (13%) | 0.730 |
| WMH volume [ml] | 231/43 | 2.08 (0.88/4.61) | 1.94 (0.81/4.39) | 2.33 (1.36/5.05) | 0.264 |
Median (25/75% percentiles) (non-normal distributed), frequencies in n (%).
POD postoperative delirium, BMI body mass index, ISCED International Standard Classification of Education, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, MMSE mini-mental state examination, ICU intensive care unit, WMH white matter hyperintensity.