Table 2.
Definition of Terms and Team Member Roles
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Process mapping | Exercise creating a graphical representation of the steps in a process, drawn to better understand processes and identify opportunities to improve11 |
| Root cause analysis | A collective term that describes a wide range of approaches, tools, and techniques used to uncover causes of problems in a process11 |
| Prioritization decision matrix | Exercise that evaluates and prioritizes a list of issues or ideas, using predetermined weighted criteria11 |
| Bottleneck | Anything that limits a system from achieving higher performance or throughput11 |
| Applying lenses | A design exercise looking and evaluating the design in question through a lens that captures a key design principle12 |
| Bodystorming | Technique of physically experiencing and testing a process to derive new ideas13 |
| Design simulation | Creating the physical or logical representations of a scenario to enable testing of design specifications with potential users before the formal process or product is launched14 |
| Prototyping | The iterative development of artifacts – digital, physical, or experiential – intended to elicit qualitative or quantitative feedback15 |
| Team members | Role |
| Clinical or operational sponsor | An individual (director or executive) with overall accountability for all aspects of the project; typically responsible for initiating, ensuring, approving, and establishing a series of key aspects in relation to the project16 |
| Technical sponsor | An individual (often a manager or executive) with responsibility for the technical aspects of the project |
| Project manager | An individual with delegated responsibility for the successful initiation, planning, design, execution, monitoring, controlling, and closure of a project17 |
| Process owner(s) | Individuals who have the responsibility and authority for ensuring that a process meets specified requirements and achieves objectives11 |
| End user(s) | Individuals who participate in the current system and will likely act on the end product of design (often report directly to process owners)11 |
| Clinical subject matter expert(s) | Individuals with a high level of expertise in performing a specialized clinical job, task, or skill relevant for a given project11 |
| Technical subject matter expert(s) | Individuals with a high level of expertise in performing a specialized technical job, task, or skill relevant for a given project11 |