Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Apr 13;8:12. doi: 10.1186/s40580-021-00261-y

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 3 — Modeling for vascularized organoids-on-a-chip. a The approach for collagen-HepG2 modules to build vascularized organoids. The HepG2 cells collagen cylinders covered with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in the flow circuit enabling perfusion with medium or blood to deliver nutrients to the assembly. Confocal microscopy image of (i) vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin staining of HUVEC layer on the construct and (ii) prelabeled viable HepG2 cells [212]. b 3D vascularized hepatic organoids in a rocker-actuated microfluidic system. Confocal images for CD31 (green) and albumin (ALB; red) of the liver organoids consisting of induced hepatic cells, HUVECs, and a decellularized liver extracellular matrix cultured under each condition demonstrate increased albumin expression and vascular network of the liver organoids when cultured with media flow: under static conditions (iHE-S) and dynamic conditions induced by the microfluidic system (iHE-F). Scale bars, 500 μm (white), 50 μm (yellow) [213]. c A microfluidic device to coculture patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTO) and a perfusable microvascular networks. Fluorescently tagged PDTOs (red; scale bar, 50 μm) cultured in the microfluidic chip grow in the pre-vascularized system. The vascular network (green; scale bar, 100 μm) cocultured with PDTOs show highly angiogenic features [214]. d A microfluidic platform to engineer vascularized colon organoids. Confocal microscopy images of vascularized colon organoids for F‐actin (red), DAPI (blue), and GFP‐endothelial cells (green). [215]