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. 2021 Apr 12;11:7906. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87032-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Examination schedule: Probing for taVNS-induced changes in epileptic brain networks. Our examination schedule consisted of a 3-h EEG recording (Methods) that covered a stimulation phase (phase 2; continuous stimulation of the left cymba conchae) and a pre- and post-stimulation phase (phase 1 and phase 3, resp.). In our analyses, we neglected data from the first and last 15 min of each phase (darker colours) in order to remove possible transient effects. The EEG recording was preceded and followed by a standardized neuropsychological assessment (NP1 and NP2, resp. 30 min; Methods). We derived evolving epileptic brain networks from the EEG recording using a sliding-window approach (Methods), assessed important global characteristics of each network (Methods), and tracked their changes over time.