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FEM results of islet spheroids in standard culture (95% RA/5% CO2; plastic surface; 37°C) with varied seeding density and culture medium height across the range of reported islet oxygen consumption rate. Tissue anoxia is observed, primarily in IEQ sizes >100 μm, even at low oxygen consumption rates and is significantly affected by culture medium height (∼Δ20% min to max) and increased OCR (∼Δ50% min to max) and less so by seeding density (∼Δ7% min to max).
