TABLE 2.
Post-modulatory effect of High Definition θ-tACS on cognitive performance.
|
High definition θ-tACS |
Individualized |
Non-individualized |
Sham |
Difference (p-value*) |
||||||
| Pre- | Post- | Pre- | Post- | Pre- | Post- | I – Non-I | I – Sham | Non-I – Sham | ||
| Visual Simon Task | Time k (ms) | 402.7 (56.0) | 392.5 (61.5) | 416.9 (70.6) | 397.9 (54.5) | 393.9 (65.5) | 389.7 (48.8) | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.65 |
| Time ink (ms) | 443.6 (71.9) | 423.9 (70.3) | 430.2 (56.0) | 415.9 (61.4) | 424.6 (72.1) | 418.3 (60.7) | 0.94 | 0.66 | 0.92 | |
| Stop Signal Task | Time ns (ms) | 603.1 (173.6) | 578.9 (182.5) | 602.5 (172.6) | 579.3 (182.7) | 550.8 (157.5) | 567.3 (177.2) | 0.99 | 0.82 | 0.66 |
| Time s (ms) | 523.8 (139.5) | 522.1 (173.8) | 531.4 (161.9) | 518.2 (160) | 516.6 (162.8) | 517.2 (163.9) | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.99 | |
| CPT III | Commissions | 50.6 (9.9) | 51.6 (10.3) | 49.4 (9.9) | 51.5 (11.5) | 49.3 (9.4) | 50.2 (10.0) | 0.94 | 0.99 | 0.81 |
| Perseverations | 46.3 (1.4) | 47.7 (4.5) | 46.6 (1.9) | 47.5 (4.5) | 46.2 (1.4) | 48.4 (4.1) | 0.86 | 0.59 | 0.32 | |
| HRT (ms) | 374.1 (31.6) | 367.7 (28.0) | 376.9 (32.7) | 373.0 (33.9) | 377.0 (29.8) | 369.6 (29.0) | 0.53 | 0.89 | 0.45 | |
| HRT BC (ms) | 1.5 (4.6) | 1.9 (3.9) | 0.01 (5.3) | 2.1 (4.0) | −0.5 (4.5) | 0.2 (3.7) | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.74 | |
| Detectability | 45.6 (6.8) | 47.2 (8.4) | 44.5 (6.9) | 47.2 (8.8) | 44.4 (7.1) | 46.3 (8.0) | 0.95 | 1.00 | 0.97 | |
| Stroop | C | 84.8 (11.6) | 86.2 (12.6) | 83.8 (12.6) | 86.2 (10.7) | 83.1 (13.4) | 86.0 (11.2) | 0.52 | 0.41 | 0.36 |
| CW | 55.6 (12.1) | 59.7 (12.6) | 587 (11.7) | 59.4 (11.7) | 59.1 (13.7) | 62.8 (13.2) | 0.02 | 0.50 | 0.13 | |
| IG | 8.5 (9.2) | 13.0 (12.2) | 12.2 (8.0) | 12.3 (10.0) | 13.1 (9.7) | 14.9 (10.3) | 0.01 | 0.26 | 0.39 | |
The data are presented as a mean (and SD) of pre-test or post-test values respective θ-tACS protocols; * linear mixed-effects model, post-hoc pairwise comparisons with Sidak’s correction. I, Individualized θ-tACS montage of the mPFC-ACC. Non-I, Non-individualized (fixed) θ-tACS montage over the MFC. Visual Simon Task: Time k, mean reaction time for congruent stimuli; Time ink, mean reaction time for incongruent stimuli; Stop Signal Task: Time ns, mean reaction time for stimuli without noise; Time s, mean reaction time for stimuli with noise; CPT III, Continuous Performance Test III: Commissions = number of incorrect responses to non-targets “X”; Perseverations, number of perseverative responses; HRT, Hit Reaction Time; HRT BC, Hit Reaction Time Block Change; Detectability, ability to discriminate between targets “non-X” and non-targets “X”; Stroop Test: C, number of items properly named in 45 s in the color (C) congruous condition; CW, number of items properly named in 45 s in the color-word (CW) condition, where color-words are printed in an inconsistent color ink; IG, interference score. Data for Visual Simon Task and Stop Signal Task are presented as milliseconds (ms). Data for CPT III: Commissions, Perseverations and Detectability are presented as T-Scores; HRT and HRT BC are presented as milliseconds (ms).