Table 4.
Representative list of currently used pharmaceutical interventions for treatment of COVID-19 across the globe.
| Drug name | Commercial name | Class | Approved for | Recommended doses | Clinical trial NCT No. | Status of clinical trial (Dec 2020) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molnupiravir | Molnupiravir | Antiviral | Influenza virus | Twice—5 mg kg−1 body weight | NCT04575584 | Phase 2/3 |
| Remdesivir | Remdesivir | Antiviral | Ebola virus | Day1: 200 mg Day 2–10: 100 mg (for serious ill patients) Day 2–4: 100 mg (for mild patients) |
NCT04257656 | Phase 3 |
| Lopinavir/Ritonavir | Kaletra | Antiviral | Influenza virus | Day 1–14: 2×400/100 mg orally | NCT04321174 | Phase 3 |
| Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine | Aralen and Plaquenil | Antimalarial | Malaria | Day 1: 1 gm Day 2–7: 500 mg |
NCT04303507 | Not Applicable |
| Favipiravir | Avigan | Antiviral | Influenza virus | Day 1: 1,800 mg, BID Day 2–14: 600 mg TID |
NCT04336904 | Phase 3 |
| Umifenovir | Arbidol | Antiviral | Influenza virus | Day 1–14/20: 2 tablets/time, 3 times/day | NCT04260594 | Phase 4 |
| Ivermectin | Soolantra | Antiparasitic | Oncocerciasis | Day 1–7: 0.2 mg/kg (single dose at once = 2 tablets of 6 mg/weekly | NCT04343092 | Phase 1 |
| Tocilizumab | Roactemra | Monoclonal antibody | IL-6 | Once: 8 mg/kg bodyweight, max. Single dose 800 mg) (active ingredient: TCZ) intravenously in 100 ml NaCl 0.9% Infusion time: 60 min | NCT04335071 | Phase 2 |
| Sarilumab | Kevzara | Monoclonal antibody | IL-6 | Solution for injection administrated intravenously | NCT04327388 | Phase 3 |
| Camostat Mesylate | Camostat | Antiviral | Esophagitis | Day 1–7: 3×3,200mg taken orally | NCT04353284 | Phase 2 |
| Anakinra | Kineret | Immunosuppressor | IL-1α and IL-1β | Day 1–28: subcutaneous injection of 100 mg | NCT04330638 | Phase 3 |
| Ravulizumab | Ultomiris | Monoclonal antibody | Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) | Weight based doses given at Day 1, 5,10, and 15 | NCT04369469 | Phase 3 |
| Aviptadil | Aviptadil | Synthetic peptide (vasodilator) | ARDS | 50–150 pmol/kg/h over 12 h | NCT04311697 | Phase 2 |
| Tradipitant | Tradipitant | Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist | Gastroparesis, motion sickness, and atopic dermatitis | 2×85 mg orally | NCT04326426 | Phase 3 |
| Otilimab | Otilimab | Monoclonal antibody | Rheumatoid arthritis | Administered once via IV route | NCT04376684 | Phase 2 |
| Nafamostat mesylate | Nafamostat Mesylate | Inhibitor | Cystic Fibrosis | Administered intravenously as a continuous infusion | NCT04352400 | Phase 2/3 |
| Eculizumab | Soliris | Monoclonal antibody | Complement C5 | Day 1–7: 900 mg IV after ceftriaxone IV | NCT04288713 | Not Applicable |
| Baricitinib | Breath | JAK inhibitor | Rheumatoid arthritis | 4 mg/day for 7 days | NCT04399798 | Phase 2 |
| Enzalutamide | Covisenza | Antiandrogen | Prostate cancer | 5 days with 4×40 mg enzalutamide tablets orally once daily | NCT04475601 | Phase 2 |
| Zotatifin | Propel | Signaling molecules | Solid Tumor Malignancies | 0.035 mg/kg zotatifin | NCT04632381 | Phase 1 |
| Colchicine | Colcovid19 | Anti-gout agent | Gout | 0.5 mg | NCT04539873 | Phase 3 |
| Nitazoxanide | Nitazoxanide | Antiprotozoal agent | Diarrhea | 500 mg, orally | NCT04382846 | Phase 3 |
| Losartan | Losartan | Angiotensin II receptor antagonists | Hypertension | 50 mg daily, oral | NCT04312009 | Phase 2 |
| Dipyridamole | Dicer | Nucleoside transport inhibitor | Thromboembolic complications | 100 milligram (mg) | NCT04391179 | Phase 2 |
*Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.