Table 5.
Summary of COVID-19 vaccines in pipeline.
| Platform | Target | Existing license for technology | Manufacturer | Development stage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Live attenuated vaccine | Whole virion | Yes | Codageniux/Serum Institute of India | Phase 1 NCT04619628 |
| Inactivated vaccine | Whole virion | Yes | Sinovac (CoronaVac) |
Phase 4 NCT04747821 NCT04756830 |
| Sinopharm/Beijing institute of Biological Sciences/Wuhan institute of Biological Sciences | Phase 3 ChiCTR2000034780 ChiCTR2000039000 NCT04612972 |
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| Bharat Biotech International Limited with Indian Council of Medical Research and National Institute of Virology, India (Covaxin) |
Phase 3 NCT04641481 and CTRI/2020/11/028976 |
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| Vector based vaccine | Spike protein | Yes | Johnson & Johnson | Phase 3 NCT04505722 ISRCTN14722499 |
| Gamaleya Research Institute; Health Ministry of the Russian Federation (Sputnik V) Gam-COVIDVac |
Phase3 NCT04530396 NCT04564716 NCT04642339 |
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| CanSino Biologics | Phase 3 NCT04526990 NCT04540419 |
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| University of Oxford, AstraZeneca and Serum Institute of India (Covishield) |
Phase 4 NCT04760132 |
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| Subunit vaccine | Spike protein | Yes | Novavax | Phase 3 2020-004123-16 NCT04611802 |
| Sanofi-Gsk | Phase ½ NCT04762680 |
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| Clover Biopharmaceuticals | Phase 2/3 NCT04672395 |
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| University of Queensland MF59 adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 Sclamp vaccine |
Phase 1 NCT04495933 |
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| The State Research left of Virology and Biotechnology (EpiVacCorona) |
Phase ½ NCT04527575 |
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| DNA vaccine | Spike protein | No | Inovio Pharmaceuticals | Phase 2/3 NCT04642638 ChiCTR2000040146 |
| RNA vaccine | Spike protein | No | BioNTech/Pfizer (Comirnaty) |
Phase 4 NCT04760312 |
| CureVac | Phase 3 NCT04674189 |
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| Moderna (mRNA-1273) |
Phase 4 NCT04760132 |