Table 5.
Facilitators to physical activity participation across different domains amongst Arab immigrants/refugees.
| Author, date | Study design | AIR participants’ characteristics, destination & native countries | Personal & AIR’s socioeconomic |
Psychosocial & cultural |
Neighborhood environment |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) Improved PA skills/literacy, (B) Perceived health benefits, & (C) Motivation & self-efficacy |
(A) Social/family support, (B) Wider community cohesion, & (C) Culturally relevant programs |
(A) Well-maintained infrastructure, (B) Pleasant surroundings (C) Community resources proximity, (D) Childcare facilities accessibility (E) Efficient transport, (F) Leisure amenities/parks accessibility, (G) PA resources databases, & (H) Safety measures |
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| (A) | (B) | (C) | (A) | (B) | (C) | (A) | (B) | (C) | (D) | (E) | (F) | (G) | (H) | |||
| Abou-Rizk & Rail, 2013 | QI | 20F aged 18–25, Canada, Lebanon | L | |||||||||||||
| Aqtash, 2007, Aqtash and Van Servellen, 2013 | CSS | 120 adults & elderly, 59% M, age = 42, 89% married, US, mixed a | To | To | ||||||||||||
| Berggren et al., 2017 | QIF | 13 adults aged ≥18, 62% F, US, Somalia | L, T | To | L, T | L, T | ||||||||||
| Caperchione et al., 2011 | QF | 29 adult F, age = 39, Australia, mixed a | L, T | To | L, T | L | L, T | |||||||||
| Dagkas and Benn, 2006 | QI | (NA) F aged 13–21, UK, mixed a | L | L | L | L | ||||||||||
| Devlin et al., 2012, Devlin et al., 2011 | QF | 30 adult F, age = 39, US, Somalia | L | L | L | L | L | L | ||||||||
| Eldoumi, 2017 | MM | 447 mothers aged 18–40, US, mixed a | L | L | ||||||||||||
| El Masri et al., 2020 | QF | 28 adults, 71% F, age = 45, Australia, mixed a | To | To | To, L | L | L | L | L | |||||||
| El Masri et al., 2021 | SR | 15 studies of adult AIR | L | To | To, L | To, L | L | |||||||||
| Gele et al., 2015 | QI | 30 adult F aged ≥25, Norway, Somalia | L, T | L, T | L, T | L, T | L | L | L | |||||||
| Greves et al., 2007 | QF | 18 adults, US, Somalia | T | T | T | T | T | |||||||||
| Guerin et al., 2003 | QI | 27 adult F, age = 33, NZ, Somalia | L, T | L, T | L | L | L | L, T | ||||||||
| Halliday et al., 2014 | QF | 33 adults/adolescents, Australia, Somalia | L, T | To | L, T | L, T | L, T | L | ||||||||
| Hashimoto-Govindasamy & Rose, 2011 | QI | 12 adult F, age = 31, Australia, Sudan | L | L | L | L | L | L | ||||||||
| Hosper et al., 2008 | CSS | 170F aged 15–30, Netherlands, Morocco | L | L | L | |||||||||||
| Kahan, 2011 | QF | 21 adults, 57% F, age = 22, US, mixed a | L, T | L, T | L, T | L, T | L | L, T | T | L | L | |||||
| Kay, 2006 | QI | 1 adolescent girl, UK, NA | L | L | L | |||||||||||
| Kobrosly, 2019 | CSS | 376 adults (96%) & elderly, 55% M, Canada, mixed a | L | L | ||||||||||||
| Labree et al., 2014 | CSS | 66 children, 56% M, age = 9, Netherlands, Morocco | L, T | L | ||||||||||||
| Lunn, 2014 | MM | 145 adults, 47% F, age = 35, US, Somalia | L | |||||||||||||
| Mäki-Opas et al., 2014 | CSS | 476 children, age = 14, Netherlands, Morocco | L, T | T | ||||||||||||
| Marinescu et al., 2013 | QF | 12F, US, Somalia | L, T | L, T | L, T | L | L, T | L, T | ||||||||
| Martin et al., 2008 | CSS | 348 children, 51% F, age = 12, US, mixed a | L | L | ||||||||||||
| Méjean et al., 2009 | LS | 147 adult M, age = 50, France, Tunisia | To | |||||||||||||
| Mohamed et al., 2014 | QIF | 20 adult M aged ≥24, US, Somalia | L, T | L, T | L, T | L, T | L | |||||||||
| Murray et al., 2015 | PV | 8 adult F, age = 46, US, Somalia | L, T | L, T | L, T | L, T | L, T | L, T | T | L, T | L | L, T | L, T | |||
| Murray et al., 2017 | QF | 40 adult F, age = 46, US, Somalia | L, T | L, T | L, T | L, T | L, T | L, T | T | L, T | L | L, T | L, T | |||
| Nakamura, 2002 | QI | 1 adult F, Canada, Lebanon | L | |||||||||||||
| Nicolaou et al., 2012 | QF | 22 aged 16–48, Netherlands, Morocco | L | |||||||||||||
| Olaya-Contreras et al., 2019 | QF | 33 adults, 58% F, Sweden, Iraq | L, T | L, T | L, T | L | L | |||||||||
| Persson, 2015 | QF | 26F aged 17–67, Sweden, Somalia | L, T | L, T | L | L | L, T | |||||||||
| Qahoush et al., 2010 | CSS | 180 adult F, age = 37.6, US, mixed a | To | To | L | |||||||||||
| Renzaho et al., 2011 | QIF | (NA) adults/adolescents, Australia, mixed a | L, T | L, T | ||||||||||||
| Rothe et al., 2010 | QF | 61 adults/adolescents, 84% F, US, Somalia | L, T | L, T | L | L, T | L | |||||||||
| Siddiqui et al., 2018 | RCT | 96 AIR aged 30–75, Sweden, Iraq | To | |||||||||||||
| Södergren et al., 2008 | QF | 23 women aged 28–61, Sweden, Iraq | L | L | L | L | L | L | ||||||||
| Sulaiman et al., 2007 | QF | 20 adults & elderly, age = 58.8, Australia, mixed a | L, T | L, T | L, T | L, T | ||||||||||
| Tami et al., 2012 | QIF | 22 mothers aged < 45, US, mixed a | To | L, T | L | L, T | L | |||||||||
| Wieland et al., 2011 | MM | 14 adult F aged ≥22, US, Somalia | L, T | L, T | L | |||||||||||
| Wieland et al., 2015 | QF | 62 adults/adolescents, 47% F, US, mixed a | To | To | L, T | L, T | L | L, T | L | |||||||
| Witty-Merrin et al., 2018 | QI | (NA) adults, UK, mixed a | T | |||||||||||||
L: facilitator to leisure-time physical activity; T: facilitator to transport physical activity; To: facilitator to total physical activity. Abbreviations: AIR: Arab immigrants and refugees; CSS: cross-sectional study; F: females; LS: longitudinal survey; NA: non-available; M: males; MM: mixed method; PA: physical activity; PV: photo voice; QF: qualitative focus groups; QI: qualitative interviews; QIF: Mixed qualitative interviews and focus groups; RCT: randomized controlled trial; SR: systematic review; age = mean age. a AIR from mixed Arab countries.