Table 2. Patient Characteristics, Frequencies, and χ2 Test P values by COVID-19 Status and Hospital Type.
| Characteristic | Hospital type | P valueb | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Public (n = 1890) | Private (n = 412) | Nonprofit (n = 8638) | ||||||||
| COVID-19 status, No. (%) | P valuea | COVID-19 status, No. (%) | P valuea | COVID-19 status, No. (%) | P valuea | |||||
| Negative (n = 968) | Positive (n = 922) | Negative (n = 171) | Positive (n = 241 | Negative (n = 4331 | Positive(n = 4307 | |||||
| Patient death | ||||||||||
| Yes | 46 (4.8) | 146 (15.8) | <.001 | 16 (9.4) | 34 (14.1) | .15 | 326 (7.5) | 631 (14.7) | <.001 | .62 |
| No | 922 (95.2) | 776 (84.2) | 155 (90.6) | 207 (85.6) | 4005 (92.5) | 3676 (85.4) | ||||
| Complications | ||||||||||
| Yes | 119 (12.3) | 132 (14.3) | .20 | 24 (14.0) | 33 (13.7) | .92 | 617 (14.2) | 653 (15.2) | .23 | .69 |
| No | 849 (87.7) | 790 (85.7) | 147 (86.0) | 208 (86.3) | 3714 (85.8) | 3654 (84.8) | ||||
| HACs | ||||||||||
| Yes | 10 (1.0) | 16 (1.7) | .19 | 2 (1.2) | 6 (2.5) | .34 | 34 (0.8) | 88 (2.0) | <.001 | .72 |
| No | 958 (99.0) | 906 (98.3) | 169 (98.8) | 235 (97.5) | 4297 (99.2) | 4219 (98.0) | ||||
| PSIs | ||||||||||
| Yes | 34 (3.5) | 24 (2.6) | .25 | 5 (2.9) | 9 (3.7) | .65 | 90 (2.1) | 150 (3.5) | <.001 | .38 |
| No | 934 (96.4) | 898 (97.4) | 166 (97.1) | 232 (96.3) | 4241 (97.9) | 4157 (96.5) | ||||
| Length of stay, median (IQR), d | 11.7 (2.2-29.4) | 9.5 (1.0-95.0) | <.001 | 12.8 (3.7-22.7) | 9.0 (1.0-64.0) | <.001 | 10.2 (1.3-36.4) | 11.0 (1.0-558.0) | <.001 | <.001 |
Abbreviations: HACs, hospital-acquired conditions; IQR, interquartile range; PSIs, patient safety indicators.
a
Mann-Whitney test P value for surgical patients by COVID-19 status and hospital type.
b
Compares only surgical patients with COVID-19 by hospital type.