Table 2. Study Outcomes.
| Variable | No. (%)a | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preintervention (n = 113) | Postintervention (n = 96) | ||
| ICU LOS, median (IQR), d | 8.7 (5.7-18.3) | 7.4 (5.2-11.5) | .02 |
| Multivariable analysis, reduction, % (95% CI)b | 24.9 (8.6-38.2) | .004 | |
| Hospital LOS, median (IQR), d | 14.2 (7.4-27.2) | 10.7 (6.7-18.1) | .01 |
| Multivariable analysis, reduction, % (95% CI)b | 28.8 (10.4-43.4) | .005 | |
| Family meetings | 68 (60.2) | 92 (95.8) | <.001 |
| Day of first meeting, median (IQR) | 5.5 (2.0-9.0) | 1.0 (1.0-2.0) | <.001 |
| Family meeting components | |||
| No. | 43 | 59 | |
| Description of medical issues | 42 (97.7) | 59 (100) | .24 |
| Discuss prognosis | 34 (79.1) | 59 (100) | <.001 |
| Discuss risk/benefit | 15 (34.9) | 56 (94.9) | <.001 |
| Elicit values and preferences | 20 (46.5) | 58 (98.3) | <.001 |
| Identify improvement markers | 9 (20.9) | 52 (88.1) | <.001 |
| Recommendations for next steps | 18 (41.9) | 57 (96.6) | <.001 |
| Questions | 32 (74.4) | 59 (100) | <.001 |
| Elicit understanding | 24 (55.8) | 55 (93.2) | <.001 |
| ICU procedures | |||
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in ICU | 14 (12.4) | 6 (6.3) | .32 |
| Vasopressor | 62 (54.9) | 50 (52.1) | .64 |
| Treatment time, median (IQR), d | 6.0 (3.0-11.3) | 4.0 (3.0-6.5) | NA |
| Noninvasive ventilation | 17 (15.0) | 13 (13.5) | .76 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 97 (85.8) | 70 (72.9) | .02 |
| Treatment time, median (IQR), d | 8.0 (5.0-17.5) | 7.0 (5.0-12.0) | NA |
| Renal replacement therapy | 34 (30.1) | 19 (19.8) | .09 |
| Thoracentesis | 5 (4.4) | 3 (3.1) | .39 |
| Paracentesis | 9 (8.0) | 4 (4.2) | .53 |
| Lumbar puncture | 5 (4.4) | 0 | .11 |
| Gastrointestinal endoscopy | 9 (8.0) | 7 (7.3) | .59 |
| Bronchoscopy | 28 (24.8) | 10 (10.4) | .03 |
| Central venous catheter | 81 (71.7) | 38 (40.0) | <.001 |
| Do-not-resuscitate order | |||
| Present on ICU admission | 63 (55.8) | 55 (57.3) | .82 |
| Present any time during hospitalization | 80 (70.8) | 86 (89.6) | <.001 |
| ICU mortality | 51 (45.1) | 39 (40.6) | .51 |
| Hospital mortality | 66 (58.4) | 56 (58.3) | .99 |
| Hospital disposition of survivors | |||
| Hospice | 10 (8.9) | 11 (11.5) | .13 |
| Skilled nursing facility | 30 (26.6) | 18 (18.8) | |
| Home | 7 (6.2) | 11 (11.5) | |
| Family satisfaction with ICU care (FS-ICU) | |||
| No. | 36 | 33 | NA |
| Total score, mean (SD) | 83.4 (13.3) | 84.8 (6.3) | .55 |
| Satisfaction with medical care, mean (SD) | 83.1 (13.3) | 83.6 (7.2) | .86 |
| Satisfaction with decision-making subscale, mean (SD) | 83.6 (14.9) | 86.2 (8.3) | .38 |
Abbreviations: APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; FS-ICU, Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; LOS, length of stay; NA, not applicable.
a
Values are expressed as No. (%) unless otherwise specified.
b
Shown are back-transformed (100 × [1-eβ]) β coefficients for the multivariable linear regression model of log LOS adjusted for age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, APACHE II score, and ICU admission diagnosis and hospital.