Table 2. Mean (SD) Scores on Continuous Outcome Measures Across Time, by Group.
| Outcome measurea | Baseline | Follow-up (24 wk) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention (n = 103) | Control (n = 103) | Intervention (n = 91)b | Control (n = 92)c | |
| Primary outcomes | ||||
| Overall average knee pain (NRS) | 6.3 (1.5) | 6.2 (1.5) | 3.5 (2.2) | 5.0 (2.4) |
| Physical function (WOMAC) | 26.7 (11.8) | 25.0 (12.2) | 16.6 (13.0) | 20.7 (13.9) |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||
| Pain (KOOS) | 50.8 (16.0) | 53.1 (14.6) | 69.1 (17.0) | 60.5 (19.1) |
| Sport and recreation (KOOS) | 31.7 (19.2) | 30.0 (21.5) | 47.7 (23.0) | 39.6 (26.4) |
| Knee-related quality of life (KOOS) | 35.0 (18.0) | 34.3 (15.7) | 49.9 (18.5) | 43.3 (21.4) |
| Health-related quality of life (AQoL) | 0.68 (0.16) | 0.68 (0.17) | 0.75 (0.16) | 0.69 (0.20) |
| Physical activity levels (PASE) | 146.9 (71.7) | 136.0 (68.2) | 157.5 (75.6) | 144.5 (73.0) |
| Self-efficacy (ASES) | ||||
| Pain | 6.0 (1.7) | 6.0 (1.7) | 6.7 (2.3) | 6.0 (1.9) |
| Function | 7.9 (1.5) | 8.1 (1.3) | 8.2 (2.0) | 8.3 (1.3) |
| Self-efficacy exercise (SEE) | 60.6 (21.5) | 58.8 (18.6) | 55.4 (22.7) | 52.7 (20.0) |
| Treatment satisfaction | NA | NA | 5.6 (1.5) | 4.4 (1.7) |
Abbreviations: AQoL, Assessment of Quality of Life; ASES, Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale; KOOS, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome score; NA, not applicable; NRS, numerical rating scale; PASE, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly; SEE, Self-Efficacy for Exercise; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.
Instruments and scoring ranges: AQoL, −0.04 to 1.0, with higher scores indicating better quality of life; ASES function subscale, 1-10, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy; ASES pain subscale, 1-10, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy; KOOS, 0-100, with lower scores indicating worse pain/symptoms/function/quality of life; NRS, 0-10 with higher scores indicating worse pain; PASE, 0-400+, with higher scores indicating more activity; SEE scale, 0-90, with high scores indicating greater self-efficacy; treatment satisfaction, 1-7, with higher scores indicating greater treatment satisfaction; and WOMAC physical function subscale, 0-68, with higher scores indicating worse function.
For overall knee pain, n = 91; for physical function (WOMAC) and pain (KOOS), n = 90; and for all other outcomes, n = 89.
For overall knee pain, n = 92; for physical function (WOMAC), n = 90; for pain (KOOS), n = 89; for sport and recreation (KOOS) and knee-related quality of life (KOOS), n = 88; for AQoL, n = 87; and for all other outcomes, n = 86.