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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2020 Nov 5;267:120491. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120491

Figure 18.

Figure 18.

Analysis of clinical trials involving the use of microneedles in terms of sponsor type, organization, and location. (i) Clinical trials sponsored by academia/hospital versus industry. (a) Percentage of clinical trials carried out by academia/hospital or industry. b) Detailed analysis of stages of clinical trials sponsored by academia/hospital or industry. (ii) Institutions sponsoring microneedle clinical trials from (a) academia/hospital or (b) industry that carried out more than one clinical trial. (iii) Location of microneedle clinical trials sponsors, in terms of (a) Continents and (b) Countries. UC Davis = University of California, Davis, MGH = Massachusetts General Hospital, UBC = University of British Columbia, NIAID = National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Note, the percentages shown on the charts relate to the total number of studies (n=79) in (i) and (iii) and the number of studies sponsored by academia (n=49) (a) and industry (n=30) (b) in (ii).