Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Apr 13;19:72. doi: 10.1186/s12915-021-00997-3

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 1. — Optogenetic stimulation of PA-Rac1 on a lattice light-sheet microscope. a Volumetric acquisition using LLSM. b Top-down view of LLSM acquisition of a cell, in comparison to the lattice light-sheet excitation plane. c Schematic representation of optogenetic excitation using the SLM to produce controlled 445-nm excitation, shown in right panel. Using the SLM in the excitation path results in discontinuous excitation. d RPE1 cell stimulated using SLM-based excitation (as described in c) of PA-Rac1 does not suppress filopodia (red arrows) and no ruffles are observed. Scale bar = 5 μm. e Schematic representation of wide-field optogenetic excitation passed through the detection objective leading to continuous excitation, shown in right panel. f Dorsal membrane ruffles (magenta arrows) and increased protrusion along the coverslip (green arrows) produced following wide-field optogenetic stimulation (as described in e). Scale bar = 10 μm. g Growth of PA-Rac1 ruffles in response to photoactivation. Scale bar = 3 μm. h Boxplot of PA-Rac1 ruffle length (μm) vs photoactivation laser power (mW). Outer range shows total range, box height shows the standard deviation, and inner bar shows mean (n = 45 ruffles)