Table 1.
Clinical features of gout in different sub-Saharan African countries
| Region | Southern Africa | East Africa | West Africa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | South Africa | South Africa | Kenya | Togo | Nigeria | Mali | Cameroon |
| Study | Cassim et al. (1994)9 | Tikly et al. (1998)10 | Oyoo et al.(2004)18 | Mijiyawa et al.(2000)11 | Adelowo et al. (2014)20 | Kodio et al.(2015)17 | Doualla-Bija et al.(2018)19 |
| Demographics | |||||||
| Number of participants | 107 | 90 | 21 | 160 | 146 | 100 | 174 |
| Female-to-male ratio | 1.0:6.6 | 1.0:3.3 | 1.0:9.5 | 1.0:159.0 | 1.0:2.8 | 1.2:1.0 | 1.0:1.1 |
| Family history (%) | NR | 8.8 | NR | 10.6 | NR | NR | NR |
| Mean (s.d.) age (years) | Total 50.5 (11.5); 49.3 F; 57.0 M | 54.3 (30–86) M; 55.3 (43–64) F | 47.5 | 44.0 | Total 53.4 (11.0); 52.8 (10.3) M; 54.9 (13.0) F | 57.3 (10.0) | 55.0 (14.3)a |
| Mean (s.d.) duration of symptoms (years) | 3.4 (4.4) | 5.4 (0.02–0.08) M; 2.7 (0.05–0.04) F | NR | 6.0 | 3.6 | NR | 7.5 (10.0)a |
| Pattern of joint involvement (%) | |||||||
| Monoarthritis | 37.4 | 4.4 | 47.6 | NR | 50.0 | 36.0 | NR |
| Oligoarthritis | 28.0 | 51.2 | 19.1 | NR | 35.6 | 30.0 | NR |
| Polyarthritis | 34.6 | 44.4 | 33.3 | NR | 14.4 | 27.0 | NR |
| Joints involved (%) | |||||||
| Knee | 85.0 | 57.8 | 14.1 | NR | 55.5 | 92.0 | NR |
| 1st MTP joint | 74.8 | 60.0 | 34.9 | NR | 14.4 | 22.0 | NR |
| Ankles or feet | 61.7 | 66.7 | 18.6 | NR | 34.4 | 45.0 | NR |
| Wrists | NR | 45.6 | NR | NR | 9.6 | 20.0 | NR |
| Other features | |||||||
| Presence of tophi (%) | 36.4 | 51.1 | NR | 21.9 | 6.2 | 4.0 | 35.1 |
| Comorbidities (%) | |||||||
| Hypertension | 40.2 | 60.6 | 61.5 | 26.3 | 49.3 | 76.0 | 35.6 |
| Obesity | NR | 74.0 | 90.5 | 40.0 | 12.3 | 83.0 | 84.5 |
| Diabetes | NR | 3.3 | 7.7 | NR | 4.1 | 13.0 | 13.2 |
| Alcohol | 79.0 | 75.3 | 100.0 | 83.1 | 17.8 | 5.0 | 67.2 |
| Kidney disease | 16.8 | 31.1 | NR | NR | 0.7 | 37.0 | NR |
| Diuretic therapy | 44.9 | 36.8 | NR | 12.5 | NR | 64.0 | NR |
F, female; M, male; MTP, metatarsophalangeal; NR, not reported; s.d., standard deviation. aMedian (interquartile range).