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. 2021 Apr 13;7:23. doi: 10.1038/s41421-021-00257-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Presence/absence profile of nonviral microbial genera in mild and severe cases. Orange, mild; brick red, severe. Only common genera detected in over 60% of patients in the mild cases (n > 4) or severe cases (n > 7) are shown. b Bar plot showing the relative expression levels of nonviral microbes in all respiratory specimens of mild (orange, n = 7) and severe cases (brick red, n = 40). c Relative expression levels of selected genera differing between mild and severe cases. The bar chart and black error bars denote the mean and standard error values of expression levels in mild (orange) and severe (brick red) cases for each genus. ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05; Wilcoxon rank-sum test. For patients with multiple respiratory specimens (all were severe cases), the presence of a given genus is considered when at least one sample from this patient was positive for the taxon (relative abundance > 0) (a), and the comparisons between relative expression levels of selected genera are conducted across all collected respiratory samples between mild and severe cases (c).