Table 3.

Summary of prevalent TB cases and the prevalence of pulmonary TB per 100 000 population aged ≥15 years

Country	Smear-positive pulmonary TB				Bacteriologicallyconfirmed pulmonary TB				Proportion of bacteriologically confirmed cases that were smear-positive
	Number of cases	Prevalence per 100 000 population aged ≥ 15 years†	95% confidence interval	k‡	Number of cases	Prevalence per 100 000 population aged ≥ 15 years†	95% confidence interval	k‡
Ethiopia	4	108	73–143	0.7	110	277	208–347	0.4	39
Gambia	34	90	53–127	1.3	77	212	152–272	0.7	42
Ghana	64	111	76–145	0.9	202	356	288–425	0.7	31
Kenya	123	230	174–286	0.7	305	558	455–662	0.7	41
Malawi	62	220	142–297	1.1	132	452	312–593	1.1	49
Nigeria	107	318	225–412	0.9	144	524	378–670	0.7	61
Rwanda	27	74	48–99	N/A§	40	119	79–160	0.7	62
Sudan	57	87	52–121	1.3	112	183	128–238	1.3	48
Uganda	66	174	111–238	0.9	160	401	292–509	0.8	43
Tanzania¶	134	275	232–326	0.6	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Zambia	135	319	232–406	0.8	265	638	502–774	0.7	50
Zimbabwe	23	82	47–118	N/A§	107	344	268–420	0.3	24

N/A, not applicable.

^†Estimates based on the use of robust standard errors with missing value imputation and inverse probability weighting for all countries except for Tanzania for which a cluster-level analytical model was used.

^‡k is the coefficient of variation of the cluster-specific TB prevalences. When the coefficient of variation (k) of cluster-specific TB prevalence was not reported, it was derived from the reported design effect.

^§k could not be calculated because the design effect was less than one.

^¶The number of bacteriologically confirmed cases could not be verified for the estimation of prevalence by WHO. The smear-positive and bacteriologically confirmed prevalence reported by the Tanzanian survey team was 249 per 100 000 (95% CI: 192–305) and 293 per 100 000 (95% CI: 228–358) population, respectively [22].