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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 13.
Published in final edited form as: Trop Med Int Health. 2020 Oct 12;25(11):1308–1327. doi: 10.1111/tmi.13485

Table 4.

Percentage of survey participants with smear-positive results that were not confirmed TB. Results shown for surveys in which specimens were tested using smear microscopy, rapid molecular tests and culture†

Country Number of
participants with
at least one
smear-positive
specimen		 Participants with
smear-positive
specimens excluded
as a TB case
Number %
Ghana 198 138 70%
Kenya 141   18 13%
Malawi 163 101 62%
Sudan   61  4 6.6%
Uganda   91   25 27%
Zambia 356 221 62%
Zimbabwe 206 183 89%
†

Results are shown for surveys in which specimens were systematically tested using smear microscopy and rapid molecular tests. All surveys used Xpert MTB/RIF except Sudan which used line probe assays (LPAs). Kenya used both culture and Xpert MTB/RIF whereas other surveys used Xpert (or LPA) to confirm smear-positive specimens only.