Table 1.
Acquisition and efflux mechanisms and regulation of these systems in Campylobacter. List of acquisition systems and the corresponding regulatory mechanism if known for each metal in Campylobacter. The asterisk denotes transport systems or regulatory mechanisms that have been experimentally tested in vitro and superscript A denotes systems investigated in vivo, while those with no superscript have been bioinformatically predicted or have not been experimentally examined
| Metal | Intracellular condition | Transport systems (Campylobacter) | References | Regulation (Campylobacter) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iron | High | *Fur*PerR | 70, 71 70 | ||
| Low | *AChuZABCD— heme*ACtuA/CfbpABC—transferrin*CfrA/CeuBCDE—FeEnt*AFeoB—ferrous iron*P19 | 32, 50, 51 50, 54, 58 53, 50, 65 47 66, 67 | *Fur*AHeuR | 70, 71 8 | |
| Zinc | High | Zinc conc. | 101, 105 | ||
| Low | *AZnuABC | 101 | PerRFur | 101 101 | |
| Copper | High | *CeuO—detox*CzcD—efflux | 137 55 | *CosR/TatA1Copper conc. | 138 66 |
| Low | *P19 | 66 | |||
| Nickel | High | *Nickel conc. | 152 | ||
| Low | *NikZYXWV | 152, 158, 160 | *HydABCD | 151, 160 | |
| Cadmium | High | *CzcABCD | 194, 195 | *ACadmium conc. | 189 |
| *Cj0612c | 190 | ||||
| Low | |||||
| Cobalt, magnesium, and manganese | High | CzcD | 55 | Cobalt conc. | 201 |
| Low | MntABC | 105 | |||
| Bismuth, molybdenum, and tungsten | High | *ABismuth conc. | 219 | ||
| Low | *ModABC*TupABC | 223 222, 223 | *ModE | 223, 224 |