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HAV exists in a dual phenotype. (a) Naked virions are shed in the feces of infected patients and are responsible for the fecal host-to-host transmission (b). Quasi-enveloped virions are present in the blood and are responsible for the cell-to cell transmission and occasionally parenteral host-to-host transmission. These images were obtained in our lab from supernatants of HuH7 cells infected with the HM175-43 c strain of HAV
