Figure 1.

Frequencies of CD38 and HLA-DR co-expression on CD4⁺ T-cell positively correlate with HLA-DR MFI on monocyte subsets during untreated chronic HCV and ART-controlled HIV coinfection. HCV/HIV-coinfected study participants (A5329 cohort) on ART were evaluated before DAA therapy initiation (n = 31). The frequencies of CD4⁺, CD4⁺CD27⁺CD45RA^- (CM), and CD4⁺CD27-CD45RA^- (EM) T cells were determined. The HLA-DR MFI was determined on the classical (CD14⁺⁺CD16^-) and inflammatory (CD14⁺⁺CD16⁺) monocyte subsets. Correlations were then performed between the total CD4⁺ (A), CD4 CM (B), CD4 EM (C) T cells co-expressing CD38 and HLA-DR and the HLA-DR MFI on both the classical and inflammatory monocytes. Linear regression line shown. Spearman’s correlation test was used to evaluate correlations; P < .05 considered significant. Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CM, central memory; EM, effector memory; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity.