Table 1. Descriptive statistics of measured traits.

Traits	Calving ease scores						Sign
	No assistance		Gently pull		Hard pull
	Mean ± SEM	CV	Mean ± SEM	CV	Mean ± SEM	CV
CBW (kg)	33.86 ± 0.73	12.40	38.31 ± 2.06	17.85	37.92 ± 2.59	18.11
Body measurements
BW (kg)	434.24 ± 6.77a	8.95	439.90 ± 10.44a	7.87	447.71 ± 21.55a	12.73	0.71
HH (cm)	128.00 ± 0.91a	4.12	129.45 ± 1.63a	4.19	125.71 ± 2.72a	5.73	0.39
CD (cm)	67.51 ± 0.74a	0.91	67.36 ± 1.02a	5.06	67.14 ± 2.16a	8.53	0.97
SH (cm)	124.57 ± 0.67a	3.12	125.45 ± 1.42a	3.75	122.85 ± 2.47a	5.32	0.46
HW (cm)	52.93 ± 0.63a	6.89	53.27 ± 1.08a	6.77	52.71 ± 1.80a	9.07	0.94
BL (cm)	148.96 ± 1.34a	5.20	151.72 ± 1.64a	3.58	146.57 ± 3.91a	7.06	0.37
RL (cm)	47.15 ± 0.41ab	5.03	49.00 ± 0.53a	3.65	46.57 ± 1.08b	6.18	0.05
Pelvic measurements
PH (cm)	18.21 ± 0.13a	4.11	17.63 ± 0.11ab	2.22	17.57 ± 0.29b	4.47	0.01
PW (cm)	15.89 ± 0.14a	5.08	15.68 ± 0.13a	2.94	16.14 ± 0.32a	5.27	0.45
PA (cm)	227.52 ± 3.01a	7.62	217.21 ± 2.39a	3.65	223.19 ± 8.13a	9.64	0.20

SEM = standard error of mean; CV = coefficient of variation; CBW = calve birth weight; BW = body weight; HH = hip height; CD = chest depth; SH = shoulder height; HW = hindquarters width; BL = body length; RL = rump length; PH = pelvic height; PW = pelvic width; PA = pelvic area; Sign = significance.

Std. Dev = standard deviation; n = number, Mean: average.

^abcMeans denoted by different alphabets across rows differ (p < 0.05) significantly.

*Significant difference (p < 0.05), ns = not significant (p > 0.05).