Table 5. Effect of propolis on testes gene expression of TNF-α in rats treated with CCl4.
| Groups | Expression fold change (2-∆∆ct) |
|---|---|
| Group I | 1 ± 0.02e |
| Group II | 0.35 ± 0.01a |
| Group III | 3.7 ± 0.12b |
| Group IV | 2.1 ± 0.11c |
Values are mean ± standard errors.
Mean in the same column with different letters are significantly different at p < 0.05.
Group I (control); Group II: Propolis 200 mg/kg B.W.; Group III: CCl4-treated rats 2 ml/kg B.W./i.p.; and Group IV: CCl4+ propolis. TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha.