Table 4.
Frequency distribution, univariate and multivariable logistic regression of predictive factors for mortality in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients suffering from chronic kidney disease not on dialysis
| Frequency distribution | Univariate model | Mutivariable model | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality | Alive | p value | OR | 95% CI | p value | aOR | 95% CI | p value | |
| Included cases—no. (%) | 111 (32.9) | 226 (67.1) | |||||||
| Age—no. (%) | |||||||||
| 15–65 | 9 (8.1) | 53 (23.5) | 0.001 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 66–75 | 13 (11.7) | 50 (22.1) | 1.53 | 0.60–3.89 | 0.371 | 1.83 | 0.24–14.01 | 0.560 | |
| 76–85 | 52 (46.9) | 87 (38.5) | 3.52 | 1.60–7.72 | 0.002 | 2.71 | 0.42–17.38 | 0.294 | |
| > 85 | 37 (33.3) | 36 (15.9) | 6.05 | 2.61–14.06 | < 0.001 | 14.01 | 1.98–99.40 | 0.008 | |
| Sex—no. (%) | |||||||||
| Female | 40 (36.0) | 98 (43.4) | 0.799 | Reference | Reference | Reference | * | * | * |
| Male | 71 (64.0) | 128 (56.6) | 1.36 | 0.85–2.17 | 0.199 | * | * | * | |
| BMI—no. (%) | |||||||||
| < 18.5 kg/m2 | 2 (3.3) | 2 (1.3) | 0.937 | 3.68 | 0.49–27.90 | 0.207 | * | * | * |
| 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 | 19 (31.2) | 70 (44.6) | Reference | Reference | Reference | * | * | * | |
| 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 | 24 (39.3) | 47 (29.9) | 1.88 | 0.93–3.81 | 0.079 | * | * | * | |
| 30.0–34.9 kg/m2 | 11 (18.0) | 25 (15.9) | 1.62 | 0.68–3.07 | 0.277 | * | * | * | |
| ≥ 35.0 kg/m2 | 5 (8.2) | 13 (8.3) | 1.42 | 0.45–4.47 | 0.552 | * | * | * | |
| Comorbidities—no. (%)a | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 95 (88.0) | 177 (79.0) | 0.414 | 1.94 | 1.00–3.77 | 0.050 | * | * | * |
| Chronic heart failure | 44 (41.1) | 60 (28.2) | 0.244 | 1.78 | 1.09–2.90 | 0.020 | 1.31 | 0.42–4.04 | 0.643 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 41 (36.9) | 63 (28.1) | 0.611 | 1.50 | 0.92–2.43 | 0.102 | 0.60 | 0.19–1.95 | 0.400 |
| Coronary heart disease | 37 (36.6) | 63 (29.3) | 0.789 | 1.39 | 0.85–2.30 | 0.192 | * | * | * |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 25 (23.6) | 31 (13.9) | 0.312 | 1.91 | 1.06–3.44 | 0.031 | 2.07 | 0.61–7.07 | 0.245 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 49 (44.1) | 87 (38.5) | 0.912 | 1.26 | 0.80–2.00 | 0.321 | * | * | * |
| COPD | 15 (13.6) | 23 (10.3) | 0.934 | 1.38 | 0.69–2.76 | 0.364 | * | * | * |
| Oncological diseaseb | 22 (20.2) | 56 (24.9) | 0.923 | 0.76 | 0.44–1.33 | 0.341 | * | * | * |
| Smoking status—no. (%) | |||||||||
| Active smoker | 5 (8.6) | 14 (13.0) | 0.970 | 0.59 | 0.20–1.75 | 0.338 | * | * | * |
| Former smoker | 11 (19.0) | 25 (23.2) | 0.72 | 0.32–1.62 | 0.430 | * | * | * | |
| Non smoker | 42 (72.4) | 69 (63.8) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Medication—no. (%)a | |||||||||
| ACE inhibitors or ARBsc | 55 (52.9) | 125 (57.3) | 0.967 | 0.84 | 0.52–1.34 | 0.450 | * | * | * |
| Immunosuppressive medicationd | 12 (12.2) | 47 (23.4) | 0.271 | 0.46 | 0.23–0.91 | 0.025 | 0.69 | 0.15–3.16 | 0.628 |
| Vital signsc—no. (%)a | |||||||||
| Body temperature ≥ 38 °C | 30 (34.9) | 50 (27.6) | 0.833 | 1.40 | 0.81–2.43 | 0.227 | * | * | * |
| SO2 < 90% | 61 (30.7) | 147 (18.3) | 0.269 | 1.97 | 1.09–3.56 | 0.024 | 0.51 | 0.15–1.76 | 0.290 |
| Dyspnea | 29 (33.7) | 38 (20.7) | 0.252 | 1.95 | 1.10–3.46 | 0.022 | 2.25 | 0.68–7.41 | 0.182 |
| LDHc—no. (%) | |||||||||
| Normal | 10 (13.5) | 54 (35.1) | < 0.001 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| ULN–2 × ULN | 46 (62.2) | 91 (59.1) | 2.73 | 1.27–5.85 | 0.010 | 3.70 | 0.87—15.72 | 0.077 | |
| > 2 × ULN | 18 (24.3) | 9 (5.8) | 10.80 | 3.79–30.76 | < 0.001 | 34.35 | 3.98–296.21 | 0.001 | |
| Leukocytesc—no. (%) | |||||||||
| < 4000/µl | 13 (13.7) | 31 (16.7) | 0.985 | 0.83 | 0.41–1.68 | 0.599 | * | * | * |
| 4000–11,999/µl | 69 (72.6) | 136 (73.1) | Reference | Reference | Reference | * | * | * | |
| > 12,000/µl | 13 (13.7) | 19 (10.2) | 1.34 | 0.63–2.89 | 0.442 | * | * | * | |
| Lymphocytesc—no. (%)a | |||||||||
| < 800/µl | 28 (60.6) | 90 (40.8) | 0.108 | 2.23 | 1.25–3.96 | 0.006 | 0.59 | 0.19–1.80 | 0.355 |
| Plateletsc—no. (%)a | |||||||||
| < 120,000 /µl | 23 (24.5) | 16 (8.7) | 0.011 | 3.42 | 1.71–6.86 | < 0.001 | 12.10 | 2.06–70.97 | 0.006 |
| Hemoglobinc—no. (%)a | |||||||||
| < 10 g/dl | 32 (33.3) | 45 (24.3) | 0.631 | 1.56 | 0.91–2.67 | 0.110 | 1.95 | 0.64–5.94 | 0.240 |
| CRPc—no. (%)a | |||||||||
| CRP ≥ 30 mg/l | 69 (74.2) | 97 (52.7) | 0.018 | 2.58 | 1.49–4.46 | < 0.001 | 3.60 | 1.06–12.24 | 0.040 |
| Creatininec—no. (%)e | |||||||||
| Normal | 23 (24.0) | 53 (28.8) | 0.749 | Reference | Reference | Reference | * | * | * |
| ULN–2 × ULN | 53 (55.2) | 95 (51.6) | 1.29 | 0.71–2.33 | 0.407 | * | * | * | |
| > 2 × ULN | 20 (20.8) | 36 (19.6) | 1.28 | 0.61–2.67 | 0.509 | * | * | * | |
| Urine test stripc—no. (%)a,e | |||||||||
| Leukocytes positive | 21 (44.7) | 33 (37.5) | 0.956 | 1.34 | 0.66–2.76 | 0.418 | * | * | * |
| Protein positive | 29 (69.1) | 48 (55.2) | 0.687 | 1.81 | 0.83–3.95 | 0.134 | * | * | * |
| Hemoglobin positive | 30 (63.8) | 39 (45.9) | 0.419 | 2.08 | 1.00–4.33 | 0.050 | * | * | * |
Continuous parameters were collected in categories. All variables are expressed as numbers (no.) and percentages (%) referred to the numbers excluding missing data. Missing rates and frequency distribution are displayed in Suppl. Table 2 for variables with missing rate > 5%. n = 219 observations were excluded from multivariable regression model due to missingness
OR odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ACE inhibitors angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARBs angiotensin II receptor blocker, SO2 oxygen saturation in arterial blood, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, ULN upper limit of normal in the respective local laboratory, CRP C-reactive protein
*Parameters chosen as for whole population including patients on dialysis
aNo reference level indicated in binary variables
bLeukemia, lymphoma or solid tumor
cAt first positive SARS-CoV-2 detection
dWithin the last 3 months
eParameters only included in patients without dialysis due to unclear interpretation in dialysis patients.