TABLE 4. Results of the Fitness Function Value for All Algorithms.
| Level (K) | Image | MPA | MPAMFO | HHO | CS | GWO | GOA | SSO | PSO | MFO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | I1 | 17.54 | 17.54 | 17.43 | 17.52 | 17.53 | 17.54 | 17.46 | 17.19 | 17.10 |
| I2 | 17.54 | 17.54 | 17.17 | 17.29 | 17.29 | 17.32 | 17.27 | 17.47 | 17.09 | |
| I3 | 17.54 | 17.54 | 16.91 | 17.09 | 17.08 | 17.10 | 17.06 | 16.74 | 17.28 | |
| I4 | 17.54 | 17.54 | 17.45 | 17.55 | 17.57 | 17.59 | 17.53 | 17.26 | 16.83 | |
| I5 | 17.54 | 17.54 | 15.47 | 15.60 | 15.59 | 15.62 | 15.64 | 16.58 | 16.58 | |
| I6 | 17.54 | 17.54 | 14.76 | 15.07 | 15.08 | 15.13 | 15.02 | 17.19 | 17.43 | |
| I7 | 17.54 | 17.54 | 17.43 | 17.62 | 17.62 | 17.32 | 17.48 | 16.66 | 16.78 | |
| I8 | 17.53 | 17.54 | 17.43 | 17.57 | 17.59 | 17.60 | 17.54 | 17.01 | 16.84 | |
| I9 | 17.54 | 17.54 | 17.28 | 17.48 | 17.51 | 17.54 | 17.47 | 17.54 | 16.71 | |
| I10 | 17.54 | 17.54 | 16.59 | 16.77 | 16.78 | 16.80 | 16.77 | 17.15 | 17.00 | |
| 8 | I1 | 20.85 | 20.85 | 20.62 | 20.77 | 20.82 | 20.84 | 20.69 | 20.50 | 20.80 |
| I2 | 20.85 | 20.85 | 20.55 | 20.78 | 20.82 | 20.91 | 20.69 | 20.00 | 20.36 | |
| I3 | 20.85 | 20.84 | 20.28 | 20.44 | 20.45 | 20.54 | 20.38 | 19.92 | 20.28 | |
| I4 | 20.86 | 20.85 | 20.73 | 20.91 | 20.95 | 21.01 | 20.85 | 20.11 | 20.42 | |
| I5 | 20.85 | 20.86 | 18.17 | 18.26 | 18.32 | 18.38 | 18.26 | 20.54 | 20.32 | |
| I6 | 20.85 | 20.84 | 17.05 | 17.39 | 17.43 | 17.50 | 17.28 | 19.98 | 20.37 | |
| I7 | 20.84 | 20.85 | 20.69 | 20.87 | 20.91 | 20.95 | 20.83 | 19.89 | 20.80 | |
| I8 | 20.85 | 20.85 | 20.63 | 20.87 | 20.84 | 20.99 | 20.86 | 20.00 | 20.32 | |
| I9 | 20.84 | 20.85 | 20.64 | 20.98 | 21.04 | 21.06 | 20.99 | 20.16 | 19.92 | |
| I10 | 20.84 | 20.85 | 19.82 | 19.98 | 20.02 | 20.06 | 19.92 | 20.73 | 20.51 | |
| 15 | I1 | 29.63 | 29.71 | 29.09 | 29.39 | 29.47 | 29.80 | 29.28 | 29.16 | 29.31 |
| I2 | 29.67 | 29.71 | 29.39 | 29.68 | 29.76 | 28.56 | 29.69 | 29.61 | 29.29 | |
| I3 | 29.59 | 29.71 | 28.89 | 29.26 | 29.26 | 28.55 | 29.13 | 28.91 | 29.70 | |
| I4 | 29.68 | 29.70 | 29.22 | 29.53 | 29.63 | 30.02 | 29.55 | 29.63 | 28.98 | |
| I5 | 29.64 | 29.69 | 24.83 | 25.20 | 25.22 | 25.72 | 25.22 | 28.83 | 29.57 | |
| I6 | 29.65 | 29.71 | 22.73 | 23.63 | 23.62 | 24.23 | 23.18 | 29.17 | 28.79 | |
| I7 | 29.69 | 29.68 | 29.28 | 29.47 | 29.60 | 28.61 | 29.42 | 29.18 | 29.26 | |
| I8 | 29.68 | 29.67 | 29.73 | 30.07 | 30.14 | 28.64 | 30.04 | 28.69 | 29.40 | |
| I9 | 29.70 | 29.69 | 29.33 | 29.75 | 30.01 | 28.52 | 29.90 | 29.00 | 29.02 | |
| I10 | 29.69 | 29.70 | 28.47 | 28.87 | 28.95 | 29.28 | 28.86 | 29.60 | 29.49 | |
| 17 | I1 | 32.31 | 32.37 | 31.80 | 31.96 | 31.94 | 31.08 | 31.84 | 32.24 | 31.84 |
| I2 | 32.31 | 32.30 | 32.11 | 32.39 | 32.43 | 33.01 | 32.42 | 31.91 | 31.38 | |
| I3 | 32.30 | 32.33 | 31.46 | 31.79 | 31.79 | 32.43 | 31.70 | 32.04 | 31.45 | |
| I4 | 32.28 | 32.28 | 31.75 | 32.13 | 32.14 | 32.76 | 32.18 | 32.07 | 31.78 | |
| I5 | 32.33 | 32.36 | 26.62 | 27.16 | 27.21 | 27.74 | 27.22 | 31.95 | 32.26 | |
| I6 | 32.28 | 32.36 | 24.19 | 25.28 | 25.29 | 26.12 | 24.64 | 31.72 | 32.24 | |
| I7 | 32.33 | 32.29 | 31.83 | 32.11 | 32.19 | 32.63 | 32.10 | 31.70 | 31.57 | |
| I8 | 32.34 | 32.30 | 32.28 | 32.68 | 32.71 | 33.34 | 32.66 | 32.11 | 31.81 | |
| I9 | 32.29 | 32.34 | 32.11 | 32.44 | 32.53 | 30.99 | 32.46 | 32.30 | 31.42 | |
| I10 | 32.31 | 32.30 | 31.14 | 31.46 | 31.58 | 31.07 | 31.50 | 31.56 | 31.77 | |
| 19 | I1 | 34.87 | 34.86 | 34.21 | 34.36 | 34.23 | 33.28 | 34.22 | 34.54 | 34.68 |
| I2 | 34.81 | 34.85 | 34.72 | 34.98 | 34.97 | 33.31 | 35.07 | 34.26 | 34.25 | |
| I3 | 34.78 | 34.79 | 33.74 | 34.22 | 34.14 | 35.07 | 34.10 | 34.70 | 34.52 | |
| I4 | 34.82 | 34.88 | 34.30 | 34.67 | 34.65 | 35.39 | 34.68 | 34.35 | 34.37 | |
| I5 | 34.83 | 34.89 | 28.34 | 29.00 | 29.04 | 29.68 | 29.15 | 34.45 | 34.00 | |
| I6 | 34.83 | 34.83 | 25.47 | 26.75 | 26.54 | 27.54 | 25.98 | 34.43 | 34.00 | |
| I7 | 34.86 | 34.87 | 34.31 | 34.64 | 34.73 | 35.32 | 34.56 | 34.63 | 34.63 | |
| I8 | 34.80 | 34.87 | 34.85 | 35.20 | 35.23 | 35.98 | 35.27 | 34.77 | 33.91 | |
| I9 | 34.84 | 34.87 | 34.52 | 34.96 | 35.02 | 33.32 | 35.06 | 34.64 | 34.28 | |
| I10 | 34.85 | 34.81 | 33.58 | 33.92 | 34.02 | 33.32 | 34.02 | 34.15 | 34.16 | |
| 25 | I1 | 41.66 | 41.77 | 40.65 | 41.07 | 40.64 | 39.56 | 40.96 | 41.69 | 40.85 |
| I2 | 41.73 | 41.75 | 41.83 | 42.19 | 41.87 | 42.92 | 42.13 | 41.16 | 40.92 | |
| I3 | 41.76 | 41.72 | 40.03 | 40.61 | 40.25 | 41.68 | 40.42 | 41.54 | 41.47 | |
| I4 | 41.80 | 41.81 | 40.99 | 41.56 | 41.22 | 42.46 | 41.69 | 41.75 | 41.29 | |
| I5 | 41.72 | 41.78 | 33.14 | 33.84 | 33.72 | 34.75 | 33.99 | 41.73 | 41.25 | |
| I6 | 41.72 | 41.70 | 29.27 | 30.47 | 29.62 | 32.05 | 29.29 | 41.20 | 41.53 | |
| I7 | 41.67 | 41.73 | 41.17 | 41.59 | 41.49 | 39.55 | 41.55 | 41.38 | 41.62 | |
| I8 | 41.67 | 41.78 | 41.89 | 42.34 | 42.11 | 39.73 | 42.35 | 41.00 | 41.30 | |
| I9 | 41.65 | 41.79 | 41.52 | 41.89 | 41.99 | 39.56 | 42.13 | 41.60 | 41.30 | |
| I10 | 41.79 | 41.70 | 40.22 | 40.82 | 40.50 | 39.77 | 40.77 | 41.16 | 40.88 |