TABLE 8. Results of the Fitness Function Value for All Algorithms for the Second Experiment.
| Level (K) | Image | MPA | MPAMFO | HHO | CS | GWO | GOA | SSO | PSO | MFO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | Cov1 | 15.740 | 15.750 | 15.630 | 15.720 | 15.730 | 15.720 | 15.430 | 14.991 | 15.663 |
| Cov2 | 16.450 | 16.460 | 16.220 | 16.460 | 16.460 | 16.500 | 15.940 | 16.276 | 15.825 | |
| Cov3 | 16.760 | 16.780 | 16.570 | 16.760 | 16.760 | 16.770 | 16.350 | 16.777 | 16.156 | |
| Cov4 | 18.020 | 18.020 | 17.840 | 18.060 | 18.080 | 18.090 | 17.560 | 17.483 | 17.964 | |
| Cov5 | 16.900 | 16.910 | 16.650 | 16.880 | 16.870 | 16.900 | 16.420 | 16.507 | 16.522 | |
| Cov6 | 16.450 | 16.460 | 16.240 | 16.400 | 16.390 | 16.440 | 15.960 | 16.272 | 15.636 | |
| Cov7 | 16.853 | 16.613 | 16.856 | 16.816 | 16.814 | 16.850 | 16.784 | 16.520 | 15.963 | |
| Cov8 | 16.908 | 16.736 | 16.912 | 16.893 | 16.896 | 16.918 | 16.863 | 16.443 | 16.011 | |
| Cov9 | 16.272 | 16.325 | 16.274 | 16.222 | 16.232 | 16.249 | 16.238 | 16.288 | 15.877 | |
| Cov10 | 16.937 | 16.826 | 16.938 | 16.955 | 16.956 | 16.984 | 16.899 | 16.727 | 16.771 | |
| Cov11 | 15.230 | 14.919 | 15.232 | 15.117 | 15.124 | 15.013 | 15.182 | 14.742 | 14.256 | |
| Cov12 | 16.765 | 16.604 | 16.765 | 16.817 | 16.780 | 16.860 | 16.695 | 15.625 | 15.989 | |
| Cov13 | 16.359 | 16.202 | 16.362 | 16.316 | 16.310 | 16.325 | 16.316 | 15.736 | 15.357 | |
| 8 | Cov1 | 19.190 | 19.210 | 18.870 | 19.080 | 19.100 | 19.170 | 18.640 | 18.740 | 18.569 |
| Cov2 | 19.860 | 19.880 | 19.340 | 19.780 | 19.850 | 19.760 | 18.880 | 19.074 | 19.411 | |
| Cov3 | 20.000 | 20.020 | 19.760 | 19.930 | 19.960 | 20.030 | 19.220 | 19.987 | 19.593 | |
| Cov4 | 21.565 | 21.550 | 21.290 | 21.470 | 21.520 | 21.560 | 20.830 | 21.497 | 20.759 | |
| Cov5 | 20.230 | 20.240 | 19.850 | 20.160 | 20.170 | 20.280 | 19.440 | 19.536 | 19.564 | |
| Cov6 | 19.670 | 19.700 | 19.430 | 19.610 | 19.580 | 19.670 | 18.930 | 18.966 | 18.797 | |
| Cov7 | 20.369 | 20.251 | 20.372 | 20.288 | 20.299 | 20.362 | 20.288 | 19.764 | 20.062 | |
| Cov8 | 20.318 | 20.211 | 20.317 | 20.246 | 20.273 | 20.313 | 20.167 | 19.812 | 19.675 | |
| Cov9 | 19.854 | 19.585 | 19.846 | 19.732 | 19.792 | 19.839 | 19.680 | 19.298 | 18.751 | |
| Cov10 | 20.326 | 20.995 | 20.345 | 20.277 | 20.232 | 20.351 | 20.222 | 20.916 | 20.844 | |
| Cov11 | 18.599 | 18.172 | 18.592 | 18.452 | 18.477 | 18.464 | 18.359 | 18.110 | 17.300 | |
| Cov12 | 20.353 | 20.117 | 20.367 | 20.304 | 20.297 | 20.336 | 20.284 | 19.578 | 19.309 | |
| Cov13 | 19.286 | 19.905 | 19.713 | 19.632 | 19.602 | 19.732 | 19.580 | 19.170 | 19.515 | |
| 15 | Cov1 | 28.560 | 28.590 | 27.770 | 28.220 | 28.340 | 28.580 | 27.200 | 28.004 | 28.169 |
| Cov2 | 28.390 | 28.490 | 26.590 | 27.780 | 27.620 | 28.260 | 25.820 | 28.468 | 27.929 | |
| Cov3 | 29.700 | 29.730 | 28.950 | 29.270 | 29.330 | 29.890 | 28.140 | 28.776 | 28.859 | |
| Cov4 | 30.800 | 30.800 | 30.070 | 30.480 | 30.470 | 30.930 | 29.430 | 30.403 | 29.859 | |
| Cov5 | 28.990 | 28.970 | 27.880 | 28.520 | 28.850 | 29.150 | 27.000 | 28.310 | 28.442 | |
| Cov6 | 28.400 | 28.520 | 27.360 | 27.780 | 27.600 | 28.320 | 25.240 | 28.238 | 27.975 | |
| Cov7 | 29.490 | 28.405 | 29.535 | 29.040 | 29.329 | 29.458 | 28.863 | 27.581 | 28.230 | |
| Cov8 | 29.174 | 28.253 | 29.318 | 28.742 | 28.676 | 29.281 | 28.755 | 27.266 | 27.930 | |
| Cov9 | 28.625 | 27.541 | 28.716 | 28.079 | 28.002 | 28.706 | 28.027 | 26.649 | 26.682 | |
| Cov10 | 29.348 | 28.462 | 29.385 | 28.953 | 29.056 | 29.481 | 28.969 | 27.927 | 28.041 | |
| Cov11 | 26.824 | 27.038 | 27.014 | 26.201 | 25.894 | 26.795 | 26.002 | 26.652 | 26.560 | |
| Cov12 | 29.532 | 29.564 | 29.557 | 29.086 | 29.352 | 29.507 | 29.005 | 29.368 | 29.463 | |
| Cov13 | 28.440 | 27.234 | 28.577 | 28.058 | 27.256 | 27.869 | 27.816 | 26.901 | 26.535 | |
| 17 | Cov1 | 31.260 | 31.340 | 30.190 | 30.740 | 30.760 | 31.220 | 29.650 | 30.789 | 31.099 |
| Cov2 | 30.970 | 30.940 | 29.210 | 30.110 | 29.400 | 30.560 | 27.380 | 30.706 | 30.821 | |
| Cov3 | 32.340 | 32.350 | 31.460 | 31.870 | 31.940 | 32.490 | 30.530 | 31.416 | 32.021 | |
| Cov4 | 33.490 | 33.620 | 32.620 | 33.110 | 33.080 | 33.700 | 32.090 | 33.549 | 33.163 | |
| Cov5 | 31.580 | 31.630 | 30.300 | 30.910 | 31.250 | 31.610 | 29.200 | 31.338 | 30.751 | |
| Cov6 | 30.960 | 30.970 | 28.560 | 30.170 | 29.800 | 30.790 | 27.670 | 30.646 | 30.050 | |
| Cov7 | 32.142 | 31.127 | 32.196 | 31.491 | 31.601 | 32.314 | 31.378 | 30.485 | 30.977 | |
| Cov8 | 31.786 | 30.751 | 31.810 | 31.212 | 31.124 | 31.775 | 31.266 | 30.182 | 30.384 | |
| Cov9 | 31.022 | 29.705 | 31.189 | 30.479 | 30.198 | 30.883 | 30.526 | 29.510 | 29.694 | |
| Cov10 | 32.111 | 32.276 | 32.085 | 31.556 | 31.595 | 32.274 | 31.644 | 31.358 | 32.050 | |
| Cov11 | 29.161 | 27.434 | 29.214 | 28.161 | 28.111 | 29.388 | 28.266 | 27.286 | 26.467 | |
| Cov12 | 32.165 | 32.928 | 32.231 | 31.619 | 31.730 | 32.188 | 31.388 | 32.465 | 32.834 | |
| Cov13 | 30.470 | 29.705 | 31.055 | 30.247 | 29.987 | 30.323 | 30.202 | 28.718 | 29.003 | |
| 19 | Cov1 | 33.780 | 33.790 | 32.740 | 33.320 | 33.360 | 33.730 | 32.190 | 33.361 | 32.859 |
| Cov2 | 33.250 | 33.470 | 31.500 | 32.230 | 31.660 | 33.050 | 29.080 | 32.650 | 33.393 | |
| Cov3 | 34.900 | 34.860 | 33.670 | 34.330 | 34.410 | 35.050 | 32.490 | 34.330 | 34.556 | |
| Cov4 | 36.160 | 36.230 | 35.270 | 35.740 | 35.590 | 36.390 | 34.530 | 35.364 | 35.505 | |
| Cov5 | 34.050 | 34.010 | 32.530 | 33.300 | 33.320 | 33.770 | 31.200 | 33.482 | 33.470 | |
| Cov6 | 33.280 | 33.340 | 31.210 | 32.370 | 31.830 | 32.550 | 28.810 | 32.717 | 33.064 | |
| Cov7 | 34.675 | 33.410 | 34.745 | 33.945 | 33.884 | 34.718 | 33.658 | 33.352 | 33.290 | |
| Cov8 | 34.229 | 33.418 | 34.228 | 33.663 | 33.530 | 34.180 | 33.774 | 33.212 | 32.918 | |
| Cov9 | 33.341 | 32.178 | 33.420 | 32.873 | 32.749 | 33.346 | 32.879 | 31.814 | 31.389 | |
| Cov10 | 34.720 | 34.781 | 34.778 | 34.135 | 34.215 | 34.760 | 34.270 | 34.048 | 34.502 | |
| Cov11 | 31.494 | 29.853 | 31.350 | 30.351 | 30.217 | 31.305 | 30.263 | 29.479 | 28.971 | |
| Cov12 | 34.798 | 33.497 | 34.735 | 33.999 | 34.085 | 34.540 | 33.608 | 33.274 | 33.341 | |
| Cov13 | 33.104 | 32.291 | 33.308 | 32.576 | 32.642 | 33.093 | 32.683 | 31.729 | 31.982 |