Table 2.
Mean wellness scores according selected demographic characteristics
| Variables | GAD-7 | PSS-10 | BRS | OSS-3 | Coping | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean (SD) | p-value | Mean (SD) | p-value | Mean (SD) | p-value | Mean (SD) | p-value | Mean (SD) | p-value | |
| Race | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.001 | 0.04 | 0.4 | ||||||
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 1 | 9.0 | 21.0 | 23.0 | 12.0 | 47.0 | |||||
| Black/African American | 13 | 5.9 (4.8) | 17.9 (4.1) | 19.6 (3.8) | 10.7 (2.7) | 40 (2.5) | |||||
| White | 140 | 6.2 (5.5) | 15.8 (6.8) | 21.7 (4.2) | 11.3 (1.9) | 39.3 (6.2) | |||||
| Asian | 87 | 6.9 (5.0) | 17.9 (6.4) | 19.2 (4.2) | 10.6 (2.3) | 38.4 (5.8) | |||||
| Two or more races | 11 | 8.0 (5.5) | 18.3 (5.9) | 20.6 (3.7) | 9.8 (2.1) | 38.8 (5.3) | |||||
| Ethnicity | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.3 | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic | 21 | 6.4 (4.9) | 16.8 (7.1) | 21.6 (3.6) | 10.9 (2.0) | 40.4 (6.4) | |||||
| Hispanic | 231 | 6.5 (5.4) | 16.8 (6.6) | 20.6 (4.3) | 11.0 (2.2) | 39.0 (5.9) | |||||
| Gender | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.0006 | 0.08 | 0.09 | ||||||
| Male | 95 | 5.2 (4.7) | 14.4 (6.4) | 21.9 (4.4) | 10.7 (2.5) | 39.9 (6.2) | |||||
| Female | 157 | 7.3 (5.5) | 18.2 (6.3) | 20.0 (4.0) | 11.2 (2.0) | 38.6 (5.7) | |||||
| Marital status | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.02 | 0.2 | 0.7 | ||||||
| Married | 74 | 5.7 (5.1) | 15.7 (6.8) | 21.9 (4.4) | 10.7 (2.3) | 38.9 (6.5) | |||||
| Single | 173 | 6.8 (5.4) | 17.1 (6.5) | 20.2 (4.2) | 11.1 (2.1) | 39.1 (5.7) | |||||
| Other | 5 | 9.2 (3.5) | 19.4 (5.9) | 20.0 (3.6) | 10.0 (1.6) | 41.0 (3.1) | |||||
| Dental school debt | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.2 | ||||||
| $0-<50k | 69 | 7.2 (5.9) | 16.8 (6.8) | 20.9 (4.6) | 11.1 (2.1) | 40.1 (5.6) | |||||
| $51-200k | 96 | 5.5 (4.5) | 15.9 (6.2) | 20.7 (4.1) | 10.9 (2.2) | 38.5 (5.5) | |||||
| $201-350k | 51 | 7.4 (5.5) | 18.1 (6.6) | 20.1 (4.0) | 10.9 (1.9) | 38.3 (6.3) | |||||
| >$350k | 36 | 6.9 (5.4) | 17.0 (7.2) | 21.0 (4.5) | 11.0 (2.6) | 39.9 (6.7) | |||||
| Graduation plans changed since COVID-19 outbreak | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.7 | ||||||
| No | 223 | 6.2 (5.1) | 16.3 (6.6) | 20.9 (4.3) | 11.1 (2.1) | 39.1 (5.8) | |||||
| Yes | 29 | 9.2 (5.9) | 20.1 (5.2) | 18.9 (3.4) | 10.3 (2.5) | 38.8 (7.0) | |||||
GAD-Generalized anxiety disorder; PSS-Perceived stress scale; BRS- Brief resilience scale; OSS-3- Oslo social support scale
*
p-values were based on ANOVA that assesses differences in mean scores; SD-standard deviation