Figure 5.

Heterogeneity and distinct dynamics of circulating MAIT cells across sexes in COVID-19

(A) Subclustering of CD161^hi cells (n = 21,610), showing two MAIT cell clusters and one γδ T cluster.

(B) Marker gene expression of three CD161^hi clusters.

(C) Heatmap of the top 25 discriminative genes between MAITα and MAITβ clusters. Expression level was scaled by Z score distribution.

(D and E) Representative top enriched pathways of MAITα and MAITβ in the Reactome Pathway Database (ranked by FDR, −log10 scale). The top 100 DEGs ranked by fold change between MAITα and MAITβ were used for this analysis.

(F and G) UMAP visualization of MAIT cluster changes (F) and their frequencies (G) with severity rank.

(H) Frequencies of MAIT clusters, grouped by time after symptom onset.

(I and J) Sex differences of MAIT clusters as shown in (H).

Data were plotted as mean ± standard error (G–J). Significance was determined by Mann-Whitney test (I). ∗p < 0.05. See also Figure S4 and Tables S3 and S4.