| Factor 1: Physical and psychological urgent need |
| 1. Cannot go on without areca nut |
274 (57) |
5 |
62 |
5 |
| 2. Difficulty in concentration after reducing dose |
181 (38) |
8 |
57 |
10 |
| 3. Experienced depression or drowsiness |
127 (27) |
11 |
52 |
11 |
| 4. The strong craving after reducing/stopping to chew |
291 (61) |
3 |
73 |
1 |
| 5. Spend time to find when not available |
276 (58) |
4 |
64 |
3 |
| 6. Travel great distance to find when not available |
119 (25) |
12 |
58 |
9 |
| 7. Felt agitated, irritated, or anxious after reducing |
172 (36) |
9 |
60 |
8 |
| Factor 2: Increasing dose |
| 8. Trouble stopping once started chewing |
295 (62) |
1 |
67 |
2 |
| 9. Ever chewed non-stop |
149 (31) |
10 |
61 |
7 |
| 10. Gradually increased the amount of use after first use |
292 (61) |
2 |
64 |
4 |
| 11. Felt the need to increase the amount of use periodically |
262 (55) |
6 |
52 |
12 |
| 12. Often chewed betel nut/quid more than expected |
193 (40) |
7 |
62 |
6 |
| Factor 3: Maladaptive use |
| 13. Continue chewing teeth loosen |
78 (16) |
14 |
39 |
14 |
| 14. Continue chewing if you had sensitive teeth |
80 (17) |
13 |
43 |
13 |
| 15. Continue chewing if experienced mouth ulcers |
77 (16) |
15 |
26 |
15 |
| 16. Reduced or given up activities because of chewing |
75 (16) |
16 |
17 |
16 |
