TABLE 3.
HCA Subtypes, Epidemiology, and Important Imaging Features at MRI
| Frequency | Risk Factors and Associations | Complications | Signal Dropout on CSI | T2 Signal | Enhancement | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory HCA | 40%‐50% | More in women, OCPs, obesity, and systemic inflammatory syndromes | Highest risk for hemorrhage | Absent or only focal | Markedly hyperintense more toward the periphery “atoll sign” | Strong arterial enhancement, persists on the poral venous and delayed phases |
| HNF‐1A mutation HCA | 30%‐35% | Almost exclusively in women | Low risk for complications in tumors <5 cm | Diffuse signal dropout | Isointense to slightly hyperintense | Moderate arterial enhancement, does not persist on the portal venous phase |
| OCPs | ||||||
| MODY3 | ||||||
| β‐Catenin activated HCA | 10%‐15% | More in men | Highest risk for malignancy | No specific feature | ||
| Anabolic steroids, GSD, and FAP | May mimic HCC showing strong arterial enhancement and portal venous washout | |||||
| Unclassified HCA | <5% | No specific gene mutation | No specific imaging features |