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. 2021 Apr 2;5(2):e149. doi: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000149

Table 5.

Stratification by neighborhood poverty.

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy Severe preeclampsia/eclampsia
Pollutant (dichotomized) Low poverty High poverty Low poverty adjusteda High poverty
Adjusteda OR (95% CI) Adjusteda OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) Adjusteda OR (95% CI)
Arsenic (1.66 μg/L) 0.97 (0.96, 0.99) 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) 0.98 (0.95, 1.00) 1.03 (1.00, 1.05)
Cadmium 1.18 (1.15, 1.21) 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) 1.15 (1.10, 1.19) 1.03 (0.98, 1.09)
DBCP 1.13 (1.11, 1.15) 0.98 (0.96, 1.00) 1.14 (1.11, 1.16) 1.00 (0.97, 1.02)
Hex Chrom (1.57 μg/L) 1.12 (1.10, 1.14) 1.03 (1.01, 1.06) 1.12 (1.09, 1.14) 1.02 (0.99, 1.04)
Lead (0.02 μg/L) 1.10 (1.08, 1.11) 1.03 (1.02, 1.05) 1.13 (1.10, 1.15) 1.02 (1.00, 1.05)
Nitrate (10.82 μg/L) 1.02 (1.01, 1.04) 0.95 (0.94, 0.97) 1.02 (0.99, 1.04) 1.01 (0.98, 1.03)
Perchlorate 0.93 (0.92, 0.95) 0.90 (0.89, 0.92) 0.92 (0.89, 0.94) 0.89 (0.87, 0.91)
PCE (0.09 μg/L) 0.93 (0.91, 0.95) 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) 0.94 (0.92, 0.97) 1.02 (1.00, 1.05)
Radium (0.16 pCi/L) 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) 0.93 (0.91, 0.96) 1.07 (1.04, 1.10) 0.95 (0.92, 0.99)
TCE (0.07 μg/L) 0.92 (0.90, 0.93) 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) 0.91 (0.89, 0.94) 1.04 (1.02, 1.06)
TCP 0.99 (0.97, 1.00) 0.94 (0.92, 0.96) 0.99 (0.96, 1.01) 0.98 (0.96, 1.01)
THM (44.86 μg/L) 0.90 (0.89, 0.92) 1.06 (1.05, 1.08) 0.90 (0.88, 0.92) 1.08 (1.05, 1.10)
Uranium (3.10 pCi/L) 0.95 (0.93, 0.96) 0.96 (0.94, 0.98) 0.93 (0.90, 0.95) 0.98 (0.96, 1.01)
MCL violations 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) 0.96 (0.94, 0.98) 1.03 (1.00, 1.06) 0.95 (0.92, 0.97)
TCR violations 1.08 (1.05, 1.10) 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) 1.07 (1.05, 1.10) 1.00 (0.98, 1.03)

aModels were adjusted for maternal age (years), race/ethnicity, payment source of birth costs, education, smoking during pregnancy, parity, preexisting diabetes, and census tract poverty.

DBCP indicates 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane; Hex Chrom, hexavalent chromium; PCE, tetrachloroethylene; TCE, trichloroethylene; TCP, 1,2,3-trichloropropane; THM, trihalomethane.