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. 2021 Apr 12;12(4):e00329. doi: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000329

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© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The American College of Gastroenterology

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 5. — Gene set enrichment analysis of altered expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) in ileal biopsies of healthy controls and patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Left panel: Note, in patients with IBS-C compared with healthy controls, the involvement of genes associated with cellular junction assembly and organization, and regulation of fluid/electrolyte exchange. Right panel: In biopsies from patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) compared with IBS-C, note the genes related to altered tight junctions, apical complexes, cellular adhesion, leucocyte migration, and cell development. CALR, calreticulin; CLDN, claudin; CTNNB1, catenin beta 1; FN1, fibronectin 1; GBPAR1, G-protein–coupled bile acid receptor 1; KITLG, KIT ligand; MYLK, myosin light chain kinase; PATJ (also known as inactivation-no-afterpotential D-like); PPP1CB, protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit beta; SLC9A1, solute carrier family 9 member A1; SOS1, Sons of Sevenless (Drosophila) homolog 1; TFF1, trefoil factor 1; TJP1, tight junction protein 1; TLR3, toll-like receptor 3.