Table 2.

Cox Proportional Hazards Analysis of Variables Associated with 5-Year Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhosis with Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Variables	Univariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
	HR	95% CI	p-value	HR	95% CI	p-value
Gender
Male	1.636	1.249–2.142	<0.001	1.373	0.977–1.929	0.068
Female	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
BMI			0.980
<18.5	1.038	0.545–1.974	0.911
18.5–22.9	0.943	0.689–1.290	0.713
23.0–24.9	0.962	0.697–1.328	0.815
≥25	Ref	Ref	Ref
Child–Pugh score			0.152
A	Ref	Ref	Ref
B	1.364	0.981–1.895	0.065
C	0.825	0.367–1.859	0.643
HbA1c
<7.5%	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
≥7.5%	1.296	1.002–1.677	0.049	1.188	0.910–1.552	0.205
Age at diagnosis of cirrhosis			0.245
<55	Ref	Ref	Ref
55–64	1.246	0.926–1.675	0.146
≥65	1.012	0.733–1.397	0.942
Etiology of cirrhosis			<0.001			<0.001
Alcoholism	0.913	0.537–1.551	0.735	0.736	0.395–1.373	0.335
CHB	1.797	1.133–2.851	0.013	1.706	1.045–2.786	0.033
CHC	2.308	1.431–3.742	0.001	2.197	1.323–3.647	0.002
NASH	0.805	0.451–1.435	0.462	0.856	0.469–1.562	0.612
Other	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Smoke			0.001			0.350
No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	1.128	0.786–1.619	0.513	0.821	0.519–1.298	0.399
Quit ≥5 years	1.777	1.305–2.419	<0.001	1.172	0.770–1.783	0.459
Alcohol			0.002			0.419
No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	1.127	0.843–1.508	0.420	1.308	0.845–2.025	0.229
Quit ≥5 years	1.736	1.267–2.378	0.001	1.278	0.822–1.988	0.276
Metformin
Non-exposure	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Exposure	0.423	0.331–0.542	<0.001	0.475	0.364–0.619	<0.001