Table 3.

Univariate and Multivariate Cox Regression Analysis of Prognostic Factors of Survival in HCC Patients

Prognostic Factor	Number of Deaths/Total	Median Survival (Years)	Univariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
			HR	95% CI	p-value	HR	95% CI	p-value
Gender					0.347
Male	106/233	4.87	1.195	0.825–1.731
Female	38/94	7.09	Ref	Ref
BMI					0.031			0.734
<18.5	11/19	2.57	1.981	1.041–3.769		1.276	0.619–2.629
18.5–22.9	36/70	4.47	1.521	1.009–2.291		1.234	0.796–1.914
23.0–24.9	34/70	3.93	1.630	1.073–2.476		1.199	0.752–1.913
≥25	63/168	6.41	Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref
Child–Pugh score					0.152
A	107/266	6.13	Ref	Ref
B	30/52	3.15	1.364	0.981–1.895
C	7/9	0.90	0.825	0.367–1.859
%HbA1c					0.216
<7.5	95/206	5.13	Ref	Ref
≥7.5	49/121	5.00	0.908	0.643–1.282
Age at diagnosis					0.796
HCC	23/63	9.37	Ref	Ref
<55	63/129	4.73	1.386	0.859–2.236
55–64	58/135	4.86	1.296	0.799–2.104
≥65
Etiology of cirrhosis					0.972
Alcoholism	23/54	3.79	0.906	0.459–1.790
CHB	56/127	5.73	0.816	0.446–1.493
CHC	38/85	4.72	0.852	0.453–1.602
NASH	14/37	8.00	0.727	0.341–1.547
Other	13/24	3.99	Ref	Ref
Smoke					0.024			0.059
No	67/181	6.77	Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref
Yes	29/70	7.42	1.243	0.803–1.923		0.981	0.622–1.547
Quit ≥5 years	34/57	3.93	1.776	1.175–2.685		1.620	1.055–2.486
Alcohol					0.286
No	65/146	4.86	0.780	0.501–1.215
Yes	47/128	7.55	0.686	0.429–1.095
Quit ≥5 years	28/49	4.28	Ref	Ref
Metformin					0.006			0.720
Non-exposure	84/165	3.88	Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref
Exposure	60/162	6.90	0.629	0.451–0.877		1.069	0.741–1.544
Stage					<0.001			<0.001
Very early	1/17	11.00	Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref
Early	46/146	7.62	5.718	0.788–41.468		5.931	0.812–43.298
Intermediate	70/131	3.68	12.909	1.791–93.027		13.206	1.817–95.994
Advanced/Terminal	27/33	0.79	58.361	7.483–434.277		44.694	5.844–341.825