Table 1:
Demographic characteristics of study population and comparison of Control and COPD groups; and among COPD subjects, between subjects without exacerbation and subjects with exacerbation.Frequencies shown as n (%).
| Variables | Groups | Among COPD, Exacerbation in previous year | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control n=100 | COPD n=100 | P-value | No n=58 | Yes n=42 | P-value | |
| Age in years | ||||||
| Mean±SD | 56.9±9.7 | 57.8±10.4 | 0.49 | 56.8±9.2 | 59.2±11.9 | 0.15 |
| <55 | 34 (34) | 34 (34) | 21 (36.2) | 13 (31) | ||
| 56–60 | 30 (30) | 30 (30) | 21 (36.2) | 9 (21.4) | ||
| >60 | 36 (36) | 36 (36) | 16 (27.6) | 20 (47.6) | ||
| Gender | ||||||
| females | 10 (10) | 10 (10) | 4 (6.9) | 6 (14.3) | ||
| males | 90 (90) | 90 (90) | 54 (93.1) | 36 (85.7) | ||
| Smoking Habits (180 males) | ||||||
| Never smoker | 12 (13.3) | 3 (3.33) | 2 (3.7) | 1 (2.8) | ||
| Ever smoker | 78 (86.7) | 87 (96.7) | 52 (96.3) | 35 (97.2) | ||
| Ex-smoker | 17 (21.8) | 34 (39.1) | 22 (42.3) | 12 (34.3) | ||
| Current smoker | 61 (78.2) | 53 (60.9) | 30 (57.7) | 23 (65.7) | ||
| Pack years, Mean±SD | ||||||
| Ever smoker | 27.1±7.1 | 36.6±10.9 | <0.001 | 36.6±10.9 | 37.6±11.3 | 0.49 |
| Ex-smoker | 25.8±9.5 | 40.7±12.4 | <0.001 | 40.7±12.4 | 40.9±10.7 | 0.9 |
| Current smoker | 27.5±6.4 | 33.9±8.9 | <0.001 | 32.2±9.1 | 36.2±8.4 | 0.12 |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Heavy Work | 82 (82) | 84 (84) | 51 (87.9) | 33 (78.6) | ||
| Non Heavy | 18 (18) | 16 (16) | 7 (12.1) | 9 (21.4) | ||
| Charlson’s comorbidity score | ||||||
| Mean±SD | 1.33±1.03 | 1.48±1.2 | 0.37$ | 1.33±1.1 | 1.69±1.3 | 1.6$ |
| 0–1 | 56 (56) | 48 (48) | 31 (53.5) | 17 (40.5) | ||
| 2–4 | 44 (44) | 52 (52) | 27 (46.6) | 25 (59.5) | ||
| Standard of living index (SLI) | ||||||
| Mean±SD | 19.2±3 | 19.7±2.9 | 0.2 | 19.3±2.6 | 20.3±2.5 | 0.063 |
| >=20 | 45 (45) | 54 (54) | 27 (46.55) | 27 (64.3) | ||
| <20 | 55 (55) | 46 (46) | 31 (53.45) | 15 (35.7) | ||
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | ||||||
| Mean±SD | 21.8±2.2 | 20±3.2 | <0.001 | 20±3.2 | 20±3.3 | 0.94 |
| <18.5 (underweight) | 8 (8) | 35 (35) | 22 (37.95) | 13 (31) | ||
| 18.5–22.9 (normal) | 67 (67) | 47 (47) | 27 (46.55) | 20 (47.6) | ||
| 23–24.9 (overweight) | 20 (20) | 11 (11) | 5 (8.6) | 6 (14.3) | ||
| 25–30 (pre-obese) | 5 (5) | 7 (7) | 4 (6.9) | 3 (7.1) | ||
| Vitamin D levels ng/mL: (baseline) | ||||||
| Mean±SD | 20.2±5.1 | 16.3±5.4 | <0.001 | 17.8±4.9 | 14.4±5.5 | 0.002 |
| >20 | 48 (48) | 23 (23) | 16 (27.6) | 7 (16.7) | ||
| <=20 (deficiency) | 52 (52) | 77 (77) | 42 (72.4) | 35 (83.3) | ||
| Vitamin D levels ng/mL: (follow-up) | ||||||
| Mean±SD | 19.5±3.4 | 15.0±5.1 | <0.001 | 16.8±4.8 | 12.5±4.4 | <0.001 |
| >20 | 40 (40) | 21 (21) | 18 (31) | 3 (7.1) | ||
| <=20 (deficiency) | 60 (60) | 79 (79) | 40 (69) | 39 (92.9) | ||
| Six Minute Walk Test (% predicted) | ||||||
| Mean±SD | 80.5±4.1 | 55.5±1.8 | <0.001 | 59±15 | 50.74±10 | 0.003 |
| >= 80% | 53 (53) | 6 (6) | 6 (10.3) | 0 (0) | ||
| < 80 | 47 (47) | 94 (94) | 52 (89.7) | 42 (100) | ||
| Spirometry post bronchodilator Mean±SD | ||||||
| FVC % predicted | 90.5±6.0 | 62.6±17.8 | <0.001 | 66.3±18.5 | 57.5±15.6 | 0.014 |
| FEV1 % predicted | 94.4±3.6 | 49.2±16.6 | <0.001 | 53.8±16.2 | 42.9±15.1 | 0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC | 80.9±2.7 | 62.7±7.9 | <0.001 | 65.1±5.2 | 59.3±9.71 | 0.001 |
$
Non parametric