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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Alzheimers Dis. 2021;80(3):1013–1023. doi: 10.3233/JAD-201332

Table 1.

Demographic information for participants by baseline smoking status.

Demographics
Baseline Smoking Status Never Smoker Former Smoker Current Smoker
N 5827 4425 429
Age at baseline – Mean (SD)*** 71.7 (9.7) 72.8 (8.7) 68.8 (9.2)
Females (N; %) *** 3980; 68.3% 2650; 59.9% 270; 62.9%
Race (N; %) ***
 White 4693; 80.5% 3707; 83.8% 277; 64.6%
 African American 858; 14.7% 589; 13.3% 141; 32.9%
 American Indian or Alaskan Native 27; 0.5% 18; 0.4% 1; 0.2%
 Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 4; 0.1% 3; 0.1% 0; 0.0%
 Asian 193; 3.3% 63; 1.4% 0; 0.0%
 Other 40; 0.7% 36; 0.8% 10; 2.3%
 Unknown 12; 0.2% 9; 0.2% 0; 0.0%
Education (N; %) ***
 Less than high school 273; 4.7% 181; 4.1% 35; 8.2%
 High School 825; 14.2 634; 14.4% 89; 20.3%
 13-15 Years (Some College) 1008; 17.4% 930; 21.1% 112; 26.1%
 16 Years (Bachelor’s Degree) 1333; 23.0% 1076; 24.4% 84; 19.6%
 >16 Years (some graduate) 2367; 40.8% 1584; 36.0% 109; 25.4%
MMSE Score Baseline – Mean (SD) *** 29.81 (13.01) 29.23 (11.28) 27.86 (10.10)
Recent History of Cardiovascular/ Cerebrovascular Risk (N; %)
 Diabetes*** 582; 10.0% 547; 12.4% 61; 14.3%
 Hypertension** 2690; 46.3% 2173; 49.2% 220; 51.5%
*

p<.05

**

p<.01

***

p<.001 for omnibus tests.

Note. MMSE = Mini Mental State Exam [28]