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. 2021 Apr 13;12:2231. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22296-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Baseline measurement. b Variation of loading. c Variation of flow rate. d Addition of pre-dissolved iridium in the electrolyte. e Variation of Nafion content in the catalyst layer. f Variation of pH. Red, dashed line: baseline measurement (10 µg_Ir cm⁻² catalyst loading, 200 µl min⁻¹ flow rate, fresh electrolyte, 33 wt% Nafion in the catalyst layer and 0.1 M H₂SO₄ (pH = 1)), displayed for ease of comparison between b and f. Error bars were calculated as the standard deviation of at least three independent measurements. Source data are provided in the source data file.