Fig. 2.

GOLM1 depletion renders mice vulnerable to DSS-induced colitis. a GOLM1 expression was analyzed from intestinal mucosal biopsies of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and controls of cohorts GSE87466 and GSE75214 (***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001; unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t test). b UC patients’ samples and adjacent normal tissues we collected were extracted and immunoblotted (n = 10). c Colon lysates from DSS-treated WT mice sacrificed on the indicated days were analyzed by immunoblotting with indicated antibodies (n = 5). d Mice were administered with 2% DSS for 5 days. The mouse body weights were recorded on indicated days (the data are represented as the means ± SEM, n = 5; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). e Representative images of colons from mice treated with 2% DSS for 5 days and sacrificed on day 8. f The disease activity indexes of mice administered 2% DSS treatment for 5 days (the data are represented as the means ± SEM, n = 5; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). g Representative H&E staining of mouse colon sections obtained from DSS-treated mice on the indicated days. Scale bars, 100 μm. The sections were histologically graded for epithelial damage (the data are represented as the means ± SEM; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t test). h Representative CD45, F4/80, and CD3 staining of the colon sections obtained from mice treated with 2% DSS and sacrificed on day 8. Scale bars, 100 μm. i The relative mRNA expression levels of inflammatory mediators in the distal colon of DSS-treated mice were determined by qRT-PCR (the data are represented as the means ± SEM, n = 5; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t test). The relative expression reflects the fold change, which was calculated by comparing with the average expression levels in untreated WT mice. j Colon lysates from DSS-treated mice sacrificed on day 8 were analyzed by immunoblotting (n = 5) with the indicated antibodies