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. 2021 Apr 13;11:8060. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87539-7

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Once daily linagliptin administration for 14 days results in sustained systemic linagliptin exposure, almost complete inhibition of plasma DPP-IV activity and significantly elevated plasma concentrations of active GLP-1 and GIP in DIO mice. (A) Plasma linagliptin concentrations before (pre-dosing, i.e. approximately 24 h after the previous dose) and 4 h after the last dosing (post-dosing) on treatment day 14, paired t-test (p > 0.05). (B) Plasma DPP-IV activity before the last dose of linagliptin (pre-dosing, i.e. approximately 24 h after the previous dose). (C) Plasma DPP-IV activity determined 4 h after the last dosing (post-dosing). (D) Plasma levels of active GLP-1. (E) Plasma levels of active GIP. (F) Plasma levels of insulin. Plasma GLP-1, GIP and insulin levels were measured determined 4 h after the last dosing. ***p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control (unpaired t-test).