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. 2021 Apr 13;11:8052. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87590-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Diapause hormone (DH) induces egg diapause in B. mandarina. (a, c, d) Immunostaining of anti-DH[N] antibody in brain-subesophageal ganglion (SG) complex (a), SG (c), and corpus allatum (CA) − corpus cardiacum (CC) complex (d) of B. mandarina pupa Tissues were dissected out on 1 d after pupation from 8L16D (25DD) pupae. Scale bar = 100 µm. (b) Schematic drawing of pupal brain–SG complex in Bombyx mori. DH is produced in DH-PBAN-producing neurosecretory cells (DHPCs) located within the SG. (e) Diapause egg-inducing activity of DH injection. Peanut oil (PO) or each DH peptide concentration (1, 10, or 100 pmol) was injected into B. mandarina pupa reared under the 16L8D condition from 25 and 15DD embryos, and diapause egg-inducing activity was measured. Each bar represents the mean ± SD of five animals. Asterisks indicate significant differences versus PO injection. *, P < 0.05.