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. 2021 Apr 13;11:8059. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86859-y

Table 2.

Outcomes in the intention-to-treat population.

Characteristic Total (N = 60) Interferon Beta-1a (N = 20) Interferon Beta-1b (N = 20) Control (N = 20) P-value
Time to clinical improvement—median (95% CI) 6.0 (5.2–6.7) 5.0 (4.2–5.7) 5.0 (3.6–6.4) 7.0 (6.1–7.9) 0.046
Mortality at day 21—no. (%) 19 (31.7%) 4 (20.0%) 6 (30.0%) 9 (45.0%) 0.231
Mortality in early presentation (≤ 6 days of symptom onset)—no. (%) 9 (26.5%) 2 (16.7%) 3 (30.0%) 4 (33.3%) 0.623
Mortality in late presentation (> 6 days of symptom onset)—no. (%) 10 (38.5%) 2 (25.0%) 3 (30.0%) 5 (62.5%) 0.238
ICU admission—no. (%) 45 (75.0%) 16 (80.0%) 13 (65.0%) 16 (80.0%) 0.449
Invasive mechanical ventilation—no. (%) 21 (35.0%) 7 (35.0%) 7 (35.0%) 7 (35.0%) 1.00
Hospital stay—median no. of days (IQR) 5.0 (3.2–7.0) 5.0 (3.0–6.0) 5.0 (3.2–7.7) 6.0 (5.0–7.0) 0.312
Time from enrollment to discharge—median no. of days (IQR) 5.0 (3.0–6.0) 4.0 (3.0–5.0) 5.0 (2.7–6.2) 5.5 (5.0–7.0) 0.183
Time from enrollment to death—median no. of days (IQR) 7.0 (5.0–9.0) 8.0 (4.0–9.0) 7.5 (4.2–18.0) 7.0 (4.5–8.0) 0.813
Mean body temperature (during hospitalization), median (IQR)—°C 36.9 (36.8–37.1) 36.9 (36.9–37.1) 36.9 (36.7–37.1) 36.8 (36.7–37.0) 0.227
Mean respiratory rate median (IQR) 16.5 (14.5–18.7) 15.8 (14.0–18.4) 16.5 (14.5–22.2) 16.8 (15.5–18.7) 0.416
Last respiratory rate median (IQR) 16.0 (14.0–18.0) 16.0 (14.0–18.0) 16.0 (14.0–24.7) 16.0 (14.2–18.0) 0.610
Mean oxygen saturation (SpO2)—median (IQR) 88.4 (86.1–90.1) 89.0 (86.0–91.0) 87.7 (83.1–89.2) 88.5 (86.2–91.0) 0.326
Worst oxygen saturation (SpO2)—median (IQR) 85.0 (82.0–89.0) 86.0 (82.0–89.0) 83.0 (80.0–88.0) 85.5 (84.2–89.0) 0.352
Last oxygen saturation (SpO2)—median (IQR) 90.0 (88.0–94.0) 90.5 (89.0–95.7) 90.0 (84.0–93.0) 90.0 (85.0–93.2) 0.410
White blood cell count (× 10−9/L)—median (IQR) 7.2 (6.1–10.4) 7.2 (5.2–9.9) 7.1 (6.3–9.7) 9.2 (6.5–12.2) 0.450
 < 4 × 10−9/L—no. (%) 2 (4.0%) 2 (11.1%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0.223
4–10 × 10−9/L—no. (%) 34 (68.0%) 12 (66.7%) 12 (80.0%) 10 (58.8%)
 > 10 × 10−9/L—no. (%) 14 (28.0%) 4 (22.2%) 3 (20.0%) 7 (41.2%)
Lymphocyte count (× 10 − 9/L)—median (IQR) 1.03 (0.63–1.40) 1.12 (0.69–1.40) 1.04 (0.64–1.70) 0.81 (0.62–1.25) 0.304
 ≥ 1.0 × 10−9/L—no. (%) 25 (51.0%) 12 (66.7%) 8 (53.3%) 6 (35.3%) 0.177
 < 1.0 × 10−9/L—no. (%) 24 (49.0%) 6 (33.3%) 7 (46.7%) 11 (64.7%)
Platelet count (× 10−9/L)—median (IQR) 197.0 (160.7–268.5) 191.0 (159.0–272.0) 219.5 (152.5–262.2) 193.0 (169.5–292.0) 0.785
 ≥ 100 × 10−9/L—no. (%) 51 (98.1%) 19 (100.0%) 16 (100.0%) 16 (94.1%) 0.350
 < 100 × 10−9/L—no. (%) 1 (1.9%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (5.9%)
Neutrophil count (× 10−9/L)—median (IQR) 5.9 (4.6–5.9) 5.3 (3.8–8.6) 5.3 (4.3–6.5) 8.3 (6.0–11.1) 0.092
 ≥ 1.5 × 10−9/L—no. (%) 1 (2.2%) 1 (5.6%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0.128
1.5–8 × 10−9/L—no. (%) 29 (64.4%) 12 (66.7%) 11 (84.6%) 6 (42.9%)
 > 8 × 10−9/L—no. (%) 15 (33.3%) 5 (27.8%) 2 (15.4%) 15 (57.1%)
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)—median (IQR) 88.4 (79.6–154.7) 88.4 (75.1–106.1) 79.5 (79.5–106.1) 106.1 (79.5–185.6) 0.549
 ≤ 133 μmol/L—no. (%) 44 (73.3%) 17 (85.0%) 16 (80.0%) 11 (55.0%) 0.071
 > 133 μmol/L—no. (%) 16 (26.7%) 3 (15.0%) 4 (20.0%) 9 (45.0%)
Last BUN—median (IQR) 50.0 (34.0–102.2) 38.0 (31.0–90.5) 36.0 (30.0–74.7) 80.0 (39.0–117.0) 0.107

The values are based on analysis of available data. Laboratory values for White Blood Cell count and Lymphocyte count were available for 18 patients in Interferon Beta-1a, 15 patients in the Interferon Beta-1b, and 17 patients in the control group. Values for Platelet count were available for 19 patients in Interferon Beta-1a, 16 patients in the Interferon Beta-1b, and 17 patients in the control group. Values for Neutrophil count were available for 13 patients in Interferon Beta-1a, 11 patients in the Interferon Beta-1b, and 6 patients in the control group. IQR denotes the interquartile range. Quantitative measures were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-Square test. Comparisons before and after intervention have been made using The Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Statistically significant in comparison to the baseline.