Fig. 1. Structural connectome manifolds.

a Fiber tracts generated from dMRI (left), a cortex-wide structural connectome (middle left), and a scree plot describing connectome variance after identifying principal eigenvectors (middle right). The structural connectome reordered according to M1 is shown for better visualization (right). b Manifolds estimated from the structural connectome (left). Three dimensions (M1, M2, and M3) explained >50% of variance and corresponded to the clearest eigengap. Each data point (i.e., brain region) was represented in the three-dimensional manifold space with different colors (middle), and was mapped onto the brain surface for visualization (right). c The t-statistics of the identified regions that showed significant between-group differences in these dimensions between individuals with autism and controls (left). Findings have been corrected for multiple comparisons at false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. Stratification of between-group difference effects along cortical hierarchical levels (middle)⁶² is presented in the radar plot (right). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.