Fig. 3. Transcriptomic analysis to identify gene expression patterns.

a Schema to relate multivariate manifold distortions with gene expression patterns and to perform a cell-type-specific gene expression analysis. b Developmental enrichment, showing strong associations with cortex and thalamus during early childhood and adolescence, as well as early infancy and young adulthood. The size of hexagon rings represents the proportion of genes specifically expressed in a particular tissue at a particular developmental stage. Varying stringencies for enrichment with respect to specificity index threshold (pSI) are represented by the size of hexagons going from least specific (outer hexagons) to most specific (center hexagons) (pSI = 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, and 0.0001, respectively)⁵³. Colors represent the false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected p-values. The bar plot on the left represents the log-transformed FDR-corrected p-values, averaged across all brain structures. c Disease enrichment analysis for associating gene expressions with disease effects of autism, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.