Table 3:
Change in Morphine Milligram Equivalents (MMEs)
| Bivariate | Adjusted Model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | Std. Error | 95% CI | β | Std. Error | 95% CI | |
| Intentional Injury | 5.68 | 5.01 | (−4.17, 15.53) | 0.08 | 5.71 | (−11.14, 11.29) |
| Age | −0.37 | 0.18 | (−0.72, −0.25)a | −0.39 | 0.19 | (−0.75, −0.21)a |
| ISS | ||||||
| (Ref group: minor) Moderate (≥9 & ≤15) | 10.31 | 5.46 | (−0.42, 21.04) | 6.00 | 5.57 | (−5.00, 16.91) |
| Severe (≥16) | 20.95 | 7.45 | (6.30, 35.60)b | 5.41 | 8.28 | −10.87, 21.69) |
| Pain Rating | ||||||
| (Ref group: minor Moderate (>4 & ≤7) | 12.74 |
10.75 | (−8.39, 33.86) | 13.40 | 10.55 | (−7.35, 34.14) |
| Severe (>7) | 28.46 | 10.28 | (8.26, 48.67)b | 30.76 | 10.14 | (10.83, 50.69) b |
| Length of Stay | ||||||
| (Ref group: 1–3 days) 4–7 days | 6.72 | 5.82 | (−4.71, 18.14) | 7.16 | 5.97 | (−4.57, 18.89) |
| 8–14 days | 31.41 | 6.97 | (17.72, 45.09)c | 29.02 | 7.39 | (14.48, 43.55) c |
| >14 days | 22.04 | 10.00 | (2.40, 41.67)a | 23.92 | 10.99 | (2.30, 45.54) a |
| Insurance | ||||||
| (Ref group: private) Public | −6.86 | 8.33 | (−23.23, 9.50) | −3.23 | 8.30 | (−19.47, 13.01) |
| Third-Party | −9.22 | 10.93 | (−30.70, 12.25) | −5.16 | 10.99 | (−26.56, 16.25) |
| Self-Pay | −2.35 | 7.96 | −18.00, 13.30) | −3.22 | 8.04 | (−19.10, 12.57) |
| Unknown | 6.34 | 12.93 | (−19.07, 31.75) | 8.61 | 13.11 | (−17.14, 34.38) |
| Reported substance use in past 6 months (Ref group: no reported use) | 0.82 | 5.86 | (−10.68, 12.33) | −0.44 | 6.21 | (−12.64, 11.75) |
| Reported overuse in past 6 months (Ref group: no reported overuse) | −1.03 | 5.89 | (−12.61, 10.55) | −3.53 | 6.25 | (−15.82, 8.75) |
| Year of Study | ||||||
| (Ref group: 2013) 2014 | −0.96 | 6.56 | (−13.85, 11.92) | −1.05 | 6.45 | (−13.74, 11.63) |
| 2015 | −1.39 | 6.81 | (−14.77, 12.00) | −5.67 | 6.89 | (−19.21, 7.87) |
| 2016 | −15.59 | 7.16 | (−29.66, −1.52)a | −17.60 | 7.23 | (−31.80, −3.40)a |
| 2017 | −10.94 | 17.63 | (−45.58, 23.71) | −19.71 | 18.01 | (−55.11, 15.54) |
a
Note: p<.05,
b
p<.01,
c
p<.001;
significant values are bolded in adjusted column