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. 2021 Mar 31;12:649463. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.649463

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Copyright © 2021 Zhuang, Lv, Zhong, Cui, He, Zhang and Yu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Tiliroside inhibits M1 polarization in a glycolysis-dependent manner. The BMDMs were treated with LPS (100 ng/ml) & IFNγ (20 ng/ml), tiliroside (10, 20, 40 μM) for 24 h. (A) The glucose uptake was analyzed by using an immunofluorescence assay (scale bar: 100 μm). (B) The mRNA expressions of Glut1, Eno1, Pkm, Pdk1, Aldolase, Ldha, Pgam, Pfk, and Gapdh were analyzed by using qPCR assay. (C) The production of lactate was analyzed by using the kits. (D-F) The basal glycolysis, compensatory glycolysis, ECAR, and mitoOCR/glycoPER basal ration were analyzed by using the seahorse. Data were expressed as means ± S.E.M of three independent assays. ^## P < 0.01 vs. Control group; ^∗ P < 0.05 and ^∗∗ P < 0.01 vs. LPS & IFNγ group.