Table 2.
Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis (for acute hemorrhagic stroke).
| References | Study design | Country | Participant characteristics | Sample size | Exposure variable of interest | Key outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kang et al. (34) | Multicenter prospective observational cohort study | China | Patients with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) | 1,515 subjects | HbA1c with following cut-offs <6.0%; 6.0–7.9%; ≥8.0% |
3-month poor functional outcome HbA1c ≥ 6.0%: OR 0.94 (95% CI: 0.67, 1.32) HbA1c 6.0–7.9%: OR 0.79 (95% CI: 0.32, 1.97) HbA1c ≥ 8.0%: OR 0.69 (95% CI: 0.14, 3.30) |
| Dandapat et al. (35) | GWTG-Stroke prospective registry of patients with ICH | USA | Patients with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (sICH); mean age around 67 years and 45% females | 75,455 subjects | HbA1c with following cut-offs <5.7%; 5.7–6.5%; 6.5–8.0%; >8.0% |
In-hospital mortality HbA1c ≥ 6.5%: OR 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.95) HbA1c > 8.0%: OR 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.93) HbA1c 6.5–8.0%: OR 0.73 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.87) HbA1c 5.7–6.5%: OR 0.72 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.87) Poor functional outcome at discharge HbA1c ≥ 6.5%: OR 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.99) HbA1c > 8.0%: OR 0.78 (95% CI: 0.57, 1.06) HbA1c 6.5–8.0%: OR 0.75 (95% CI: 0.55, 1.02) HbA1c 5.7–6.5%: OR 0.79 (95% CI: 0.56, 1.10) |
| Koga et al. (36) | Prospective multicenter observational study | Japan | Patients with hyperacute ICH; mean age of around 65 years with 60% males | 176 subjects | Continuous HbA1c (per unit increase) | 3-month mortality OR 1.04 (95% CI: 0.46, 1.97) 3-month functional outcome OR 1.54 (95% CI: 0.90, 2.94) |
| Zhang et al. (37) | Nationwide prospective cohort study | China | Patients with ICH; around 62% males and mean age of around 60 years | 357 | HbA1c categorized as <6.5% and ≥6.5% | 12-month mortality HbA1c ≥ 6.5%: OR 1.08 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.37) 12-month stroke recurrence HbA1c ≥ 6.5%: OR 1.15 (95% CI: 0.90, 1.46) 12-month poor functional outcome HbA1c ≥ 6.5%: OR 1.93 (95% CI: 1.10, 3.38) |
| Zhang et al. (38) | Prospective registry study | China | Patients with spontaneous ICH; mean (SD) age of 59.8 (12.2) and 61% males | 288 | Continuous HbA1c (per unit increase) | Poor functional outcome at hospital discharge OR 1.28 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.33) |
| Liu et al. (39) | Prospective multicenter cohort study | China | Patients with spontaneous ICH; mean (SD) age of 59 years and 65% males | 416 | HbA1c categorized as <5.7%; 5.7–6.4% and ≥6.5% |
12-month poor functional outcome HbA1c ≥ 6.5%: OR 2.35 (95% CI: 1.28, 4.29) HbA1c 5.7–6.4%: OR 1.11 (95% CI: 0.62, 2.00) 12-month mortality HbA1c ≥ 6.5%: OR 2.63 (95% CI: 1.34, 5.15) HbA1c 5.7–6.4%: OR 1.35 (95% CI: 0.64, 2.84) |
| Wang et al. (40) | Prospective cohort study | China | Patients with spontaneous ICH; mean (SD) age of 60 years and 40% females | 150 | HbA1c categorized as <5.7%; 5.7–6.4% and ≥6.5% |
1-month poor functional outcome HbA1c ≥ 6.5%: OR 8.6 (95% CI: 1.77, 41.7) HbA1c 5.7–6.4%: OR 6.17 (95% CI: 1.40, 27.1) |